乌克兰地区经济可持续发展的问题:克里沃里日铁矿露天开采的生态与经济研究

I. Stenicheva, V. Ilchenko, Adam Bodyuk, Olena Ablova, Hanna Medvid
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文的目的是以克里沃里日地区为例研究可持续发展问题,即:由于铁矿床的长期开发,克里沃里日地区景观破坏的程度和特殊性。研究方法以综合运用一般科学方法和具体方法为基础,特别是:分析与综合、归纳与演绎、建模、系统化与一般化。所得结果的科学新颖性在于对环境污染和环境违法行为的本质进行了有理有据的分析,得出现行环保税不符合环保税定义的结论。提出了一种新的支付方式,它具有惩罚-激励功能,这必须作为一个理论概念加以考虑。文章确定Kryvorizhia属于乌克兰生态最危险的地区,那里的大片土地已经从农业用途中撤出。作者在乌克兰税法中建议限制对每吨采矿废物在领土上放置的优惠税收,并将税率提高到第三类危险的客观水平,这是由于这种废物的成分中含有剧毒重金属。取代乌克兰税法中环境污染,损害人口健康的名称和支付机制。提出了赋予新支付以惩罚性和激励功能,这必须作为一个新的理论概念加以考虑。从改善该地区景观结构的角度来看,清理过度污染的领土和空气的问题可以通过国家措施、地区和城市当局、科学家和当地公众的共同积极活动来解决。首先,国家需要合法化,即在立法层面,大幅增加企业实体违反乌克兰环境保护立法要求和国际环境计划建议的财务责任。关键词:资源、矿业;矿山企业;矿山选矿厂;
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Problems of Sustainable Development of the Economy of the Regions of Ukraine: Ecological and Economic Study of Iron Ore Surface Utilization of Krivorizh
The purpose of the article is to study the problem of sustainable development on the example of the Kryvorizh region, namely: the level and specificity of landscape destruction in Kryvorizh as a result of the long-term development of iron ore deposits. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific and specific methods, in particular: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, modeling, systematization and generalization. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the well-founded essence of environmental pollution and environmental violations, it was concluded that the current environmental tax does not correspond to the definition of the tax.It is proposed to provide the new payment with the performance of a penal-incentive function, which must be considered as a theoretical concept.The article determines that Kryvorizhia belongs to the most ecologically dangerous territories in Ukraine, where large areas of land have been withdrawn from agricultural use. The authors proposed in the Tax Code of Ukraine to limit preferential taxation for placing on the territory of each ton of mining waste and to raise the tax rate to the objective level of the III class of danger, which is due to the content of highly toxic heavy metals in the composition of this waste. To replace the name and mechanism of payment for environmental pollution, damage to the health of the population in the Tax Code of Ukraine. It is proposed to give the new payment a punitive and stimulating function, which must be considered as a new theoretical concept. Conclusions. The problem of cleaning excessively polluted territory and air in Kryvorizha, in the perspective of improving the landscape structure of the region, can be solved by state measures, joint active activities of regional and city authorities, scientists and the local public.First of all, the state needs to legitimize, that is, at the legislative level, significantly increase the financial responsibility of business entities for violating the requirements of the environmental protection legislation of Ukraine and the recommendations of international environmental programs. Key words: resources, mining industry;mining enterprise;mining and beneficiation plant;environmental protection measures.
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