大规模民意调查中被调查者能力水平的实证鉴定

O. Stegnii
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摘要

本文探讨了在公共空间中,作为实证社会学知识可靠性的一个因素,在大规模调查中对被调查者的能力进行实证鉴定的方法论问题。在公共生活数字化的现代条件下,全面获取各种信息来源被视为一种信息管理技能和媒体素养的一个要素,主要是对扭曲媒体内容的敏感性。这种能力形成了受访者对调查主题的事实性知识。民意调查的对象是全国代表性调查的被调查者。实证社会学知识可靠性的话语方面决定了考虑民意形成的社会背景的相关性。重点是公众意见和群众情绪之间的差异。舆论主要基于对社会现实的认识,而大众态度主要是对这种现实的一种情境情绪态度。作者分析了媒体空间主体对受访者能力水平的影响,特别是以相关媒体内容叙事的再现取代受访者自身观点的影响。结果,被调查者对国家历史上个别政治人物和事件的活动评价不充分,形成了错误的世界观。人们认识到对社会政治问题的兴趣表达与政治活动模式之间存在的不平衡。方法程序的重要性,以确定受访者的能力水平,调查主题的事实知识被强调。评价判断应基于被调查者对所问问题的性质的认识,并使用特殊过滤器进行检查。与此同时,民意调查员兼社会学家负责工具、调查结果与受访者能力水平的对应关系以及对公布数据的有意义的解释。在对敏感的社会政治问题进行大规模调查时,这一要求变得越来越重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Empirical identification of the competence level of respondents in mass polls
Paper dwells upon the methodological problems of empirical identification of respondents’ competence in mass surveys as a factor of reliability of empirical sociological knowledge in public space. In modern conditions of public life digitalisation, comprehensive access to various information sources is seen as an information management skill and an element of media literacy, primarily the sensitivity to distorted media content. This competence forms the respondents’ factual knowledge about the survey subject. The subjects of public opinion are the respondents of national representative surveys. The discursive aspect of the empirical sociological knowledge reliability determines the relevance of considering the social context of public opinion formation. The focus is on the differences between public opinion and mass sentiment. Public opinion is based primarily on knowledge of social reality, while the mass attitude is mainly a situational emotional attitude to such a reality. The author analyses the influence of the subjects of the media space on the level of respondents’ competence, in particular, the effect of replacing respondents’ own opinion with the reproduction of the narrative of the relevant media content. As a result, a wrong worldview is formed with an inadequate assessment by respondents of the activities of individual political figures and events in national history. The existing imbalance between the articulation of interest in socio-political issues and the patterns of political activity is recognized. The importance of methodological procedures for identifying the level of respondents’ competence, factual knowledge of the subject of the survey is emphasized. Evaluation judgments should be based on the respondent’s awareness of the nature of the questions asked, which is checked using special filters. At the same time, the pollster-sociologist is responsible for both the tools, the correspondence of the survey subject to the level of respondents’ competence, and the meaningful interpretation of the published data. This requirement is getting more essential in mass surveys on sensitive socio-political issues.
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