Electric vehicles energy management using lithium-batteries and ultracapacitors

This paper presents energy management strategy for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The proposed method is used to share the requested energy of the EV between the ultracapacitors (UCs) and lithium-batteries. The traction motor is a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) controlled by a Voltage-Source-Inverter (VSI) and fed by the UCs and the batteries. The energy storage system (ESS) is connected to DC-bus through two DC-DC converters. The aim of this paper is focused on requested EV power sharing between UCs pack and the batteries pack according to the dynamic response of these sources using anti-windup PI controller. This study is based on a real example of EV, in addition only the traction mode is considered. The performances of the proposed method are evaluated through some simulations using MATALB/Simulink software.