市场——需求和供给

Benjamin Thong
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引用次数: 0

摘要

包括以下部分:价格机制及其功能自由市场中的资源配置需求和供给的相互作用消费者和他们的需求生产者和他们的供给均衡价格和均衡数量需求和供给的变化导致市场均衡的变化需求和供给的应用消费者和/或生产者的反应性(弹性)需求的价格弹性需求的交叉弹性(h2)需求的收入弹性(h2)供给的价格弹性需求和供给的应用:市场结果对消费者和生产者的影响消费者支出和生产者收入消费者和生产者剩余需求和供给的应用政府干预对消费者和生产者的基本原理和影响补贴价格控制-最高价格(价格上限)价格控制-最低价格(价格下限)数量控制-配额附件2.1沿直线需求曲线变化的需求价格弹性(PED)附件2.2沿直线供给曲线变化的PES附件2.3为什么价格无弹性(弹性)的供给曲线必须切断水平(垂直)轴附件2.4从价税和从价税附件2.5向左的程度征收间接税时供给曲线的位移
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE MARKET – DEMAND AND SUPPLY
The following sections are included:Price Mechanism and its FunctionsResource allocation in a free marketInteraction of Demand and SupplyConsumers and their demandProducers and their supplyEquilibrium price and equilibrium quantityChanges in demand and supply leading to changes in market equilibriumApplications of Demand and Supply: Responsiveness of Consumers and/or Producers (Elasticities)Price elasticity of demandCross elasticity of demand (h2 only)Income elasticity of demand (h2 only)Price elasticity of supplyApplication of Demand and Supply: Impact of Market Outcomes on Consumers and ProducersConsumer expenditure and producer revenueConsumer and producer surplusApplication of Demand and Supply: Rationale and Impact of Government Intervention on Consumers and ProducersTaxesSubsidyPrice control—Maximum price (Price Ceiling)Price control—Minimum price (Price Floor)Quantity controls—QuotasAnnex 2.1 Varying price elasticity of demand (PED) along a straight line demand curveAnnex 2.2 Varying PES along a straight line supply curveAnnex 2.3 Why a price inelastic (elastic) supply curve must cut the horizontal (vertical) axisAnnex 2.4 Specific and Ad Valorem TaxesAnnex 2.5 Extent of leftward shifts in the supply curve when an indirect tax is imposed
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