Plug-in HEV charging for maximum impact of wind energy on reduction of CO2 emissions in propulsion

This paper studies the reduction in CO2 resulting from synergistic interaction of PHEVs with an electric grid containing significant amount of wind power. A combined optimal charging and optimal power management approach is used to rigorously quantify the optimal CO2 reduction impact. This approach produces results that show that inclusion of any amount of wind power on the grid results in reduced CO2 from transportation. The results also account for the temporal variation in wind power. Furthermore, since it is not practical to implement a different control strategy for days with different amounts of wind, we quantify the loss of optimality resulting from this variability in wind.