Revue des aspects maritimes du dessalement d'eau de mer

Depuis une trentaine d’annees, la production d’eau douce par le dessalement d’eau de mer se developpe rapidement pour differents usages : eau potable, usages domestiques et industriels, irrigation. Apres un bref apercu historique et le rappel des differents procedes industriels disponibles, les differents aspects maritimes sont abordes : modes de prise d’eau indirects et directs, rejet des saumures, contraintes environnementales, tenue a la mer des ouvrages, criteres de choix technologiques et economiques. Translated version: Review of maritime aspects of seawater desalination For around thirty years, the production of fresh water from the desalination of sea water has been quickly developing for various uses: drinking water, domestic and industrial use, irrigation. After a brief historical reminder and an overview of various available industrial processes, the various maritime aspects are approached: indirect or direct sea water intake facilities, brines discharge, environmental requirements, marine structures seaworthiness, technological and economic criteria. Keywords: Sea water desalination; Coastal well; Beach well; Subsurface flow drains; Horizontal directional drains; Seabed intake facility; Brine discharge.