战后乌克兰的粮食安全:农业的主要问题及其消除途径

L. Moldavan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要确保粮食安全在农业政策中的地位已被证实是社会稳定、国家经济主权和确保其最宝贵的社会资源————国家健康————不可替代的因素。在理论和实践意义上,粮食安全是决定国家在特定历史发展阶段农业政策本质的基石。该国目前粮食系统的不完善之处被揭露出来,即过度注重粮食和油籽产品的出口,同时对人口重要的某些食品的进口也在增加,这是该国逐渐丧失粮食主权的标志。研究了具有单一栽培特征的高度专业化农业生产对粮食安全的负面影响,其特征是侵蚀过程增加、土壤疲劳和土壤肥力下降,并证实了轮作农业在消除这些负面过程中的作用。提出了一项利用欧盟国家和美国的经验保护严重侵蚀和战争破坏土地的计划。西欧国家土地政策的主要方向是制定和执行影响防止单一作物生产、促进轮作农业和发展与之相关的畜牧业的机制,重点是向国内粮食市场提供国内生产的粮食产品,以使人口充分营养。根据世界和国内惯例,强调小农场在确保社会粮食安全方面的重要作用。这需要有针对性的国家支持,这是欧盟国家积累的积极经验,乌克兰尚未掌握。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
FOOD SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD: THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURE AND WAYS TO ELIMINATE THEM
Abstract. The place of ensuring food security in agrarian policy is substantiated as an irreplaceable factor of social stability, economic sovereignty of the state and ensuring its most valuable social resource - the health of the nation. In a theoretical and practical sense, food security is the cornerstone that should determine the essence of the state's agrarian policy at a specific historical stage of its development. The imperfection of the current food system in the country, which is overly focused on the export of grain and oilseeds products, with a simultaneously growing import of certain types of food products important for the population, which is a sign of the country's gradual loss of food sovereignty, is revealed. The negative impact on food security of highly specialized agricultural production with signs of a monoculture, which is characterized by increased erosion processes, soil fatigue, and a decrease in soil fertility, is researched, and the role of crop rotation agriculture in eliminating these negative processes is substantiated. A program for the conservation of heavily eroded and war-disturbed lands using the experience of the EU countries and the USA is proposed. The main directions of the agrarian policy of Western European countries are revealed in terms of developing and implementing mechanisms for influencing the prevention of monocultural production, stimulation of crop rotation agriculture and the development of animal husbandry associated with it, with a focus on providing domestic food markets with food products of domestic production necessary for the full nutrition of the population. Highlighted, given the world and domestic practice, the significant role of small farms in ensuring the food security of society. This needs targeted state support, the positive experience of which has been accumulated in the EU countries and which Ukraine has yet to master.
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