犯罪行为背景下的英雄和恶棍原型

N. Sas
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摘要

本文揭示了与英雄和恶棍原型相关的问题的相关性。乌克兰社会正在经历一个极其困难的时期,这与俄罗斯的全面侵略和制定国内生活规则的任务有关(朝着欧洲价值观和乌克兰价值观的复兴,与近年来苏维埃残余的刻板印象和寡头氏族强加的规则形成对比)。一个可以与混乱相比较的环境是“混乱中的秩序”出现的潜在先决条件,包括关于行为规范的观点的形成和规则的发展,以及乌克兰英雄和恶棍原型的形成。英雄和恶棍的行为超出了标准,即“背景行为”。因此,在犯罪背景下考虑英雄和恶棍的原型是很有趣的。作者认为,犯罪行为是社会变革的催化剂,是针对现有道德、伦理和法律规范和规则的社会规范。在作者看来,带有新(有意识或无意识)标志的偏差是新的形成(已被识别或未被识别)。在已查明的问题范围内,日益偏离苏联残余的刻板印象和寡头氏族强加给乌克兰社会的规范和规则的行为可被视为违法行为。与此同时,新的形式是符合所选择的欧洲总体指导方针和乌克兰价值观和信仰的复兴的行动。作者假定犯罪的界限如下:一方面是英雄主义。另一方面——邪恶主义。它们之间有过渡形式。作者强调,反派可以理解为明确的敌人,可以理解为内心多向利益和动机的斗争(敌人),也可以理解为英雄的转世(反英雄、反派)。作者试图据此总结主人公的性格特征。英雄和恶棍的区别在于他们在活动中的价值观,他们是价值观的载体。作者描述了现代乌克兰英雄的价值观(普遍的人类价值观、欧洲价值观和正义、公平战争的价值观)。这项工作有助于围绕选定的价值观巩固社会。作者认为在战后时期英雄和反派原型的特征研究方面还有进一步的工作要做。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Hero and villain archetypes in the context of delinquent behaviour
The article reveals the relevance of questions related to the archetypes of the hero and the villain. Ukrainian society is going through a critically difficult period associated with the full-scale aggression of Russia and the tasks of developing internal rules of life in the country (in the direction of European values and the revival of Ukrainian ones, in contrast to the remnants of Soviet stereotypes and rules imposed by oligarchic clans in recent years). An environment that can be compared to chaos is a potential prerequisite for the emergence of “order out of chaos”, including in the formation of views and the development of rules regarding the norm of behaviour and the formation of Ukrainian archetypes of the hero and the villain. The behaviour of the hero and the villain go beyond the norm, “background behaviour”. Therefore, considering the archetype of the hero and the villain in the context of delinquency is interesting. The author considers delinquent behaviour as a catalyst for social changes, social norms that are directed against existing moral, ethical, and legal norms, and rules. In the author’s opinion, deviations that bear the signs of the new (conscious or not) are new formations (recognised or unrecognised). In the context of the identified problem, behaviour that increasingly deviates from the remnants of Soviet stereotypes and the norms and rules imposed on Ukrainian society by oligarchic clans can be considered delinquent. At the same time, new formations are actions that correspond to the chosen general European guidelines and the revival of Ukrainian values and beliefs. The author assumes the following boundaries of delinquency: on the one hand – heroism. On the other – villainism. There are transitional forms between them. The author emphasises that a villain can be understood as a clear enemy, the struggle of intrapersonal multidirectional interests and motives (one’s enemy), and a reincarnated hero (antihero, villain). The author tries to summarise the characteristics of the hero accordingly. Heroes and villains are distinguished by their values in their activities, which they are carriers of. The author characterises the modern Ukrainian hero’s values (universal human values, European values, and values of a just, fair war). This work contributes to the consolidation of society around selected values. The author sees further work in the study of the characteristics of the archetypes of the hero and the villain in the post-war period.
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