Development and implementing assessments of virtual experiment of “Quantitative determination of chlorophyll using spectrophotometry” at Nha Trang University

The study focuses on the development, implementation, and evaluation of the use of the virtual biology experiment of "Quantification of chlorophyll by spectroscopy" compared with the traditional educational method (hands-on laboratory labs, which involves physical presence, procurement of equipment, specific materials, and procedures). 2D and 3D models of equipment in the lesson were designed based on graphic tools (Blender, Adobe Illustrator). The movements, manipulation and troubleshooting of the virtual experiment (VE) are simulated using the Unity engine. The web-based VE was developed and evaluated the impact of VE by comparing a group of deployed students (Group 1) with a group of non-implemented students (Group 2). The results of implementation in students show that Group 1 had higher average test scores in understanding the concepts, definitions, steps of the experiment, and notes on using laboratory equipment compared to Group 2 (p<0.05). The students in Group 1 were also more confident in performing skills in scientific procedures as well as the ability to acquire knowledge in the laboratory was higher than in Group 2 (p<0.05). The students in Group 1 highly appreciated the criteria of the benefits of VE in memorizing concepts, steps of the experiment, and helping to recognize common mistakes during the experiment (p<0, 05). However, VE still cannot replace the "real" biology experiment in improving learners' manipulation skills. Research results showed that VE can become a powerful tool to cooperate with traditional educational methods in training students in biological laboratory skills.