Influence of various molybdenum, tungsten, and molybdenum with tungsten concentrations to the growth of Nicotiana Benthamiana

Molybdenum is a key microelement in plant functioning, as it takes part in oxidation-reduction reaction of nitrogen and sulphuric exchange, plant hormone biosynthesis, and xenobiotic detoxication. Molybdenum deficiency is widely spread among pulses and some vegetable crops, which are intensively irrigated, or which grow in acid or sandy soils. Plant cells can absorb molybdenum in the form of molybdate oxyanion. Even though molybdenum is available for a cell, it is biologically inactive element until there is a formed complex of molybdenum co-factor (Moco). Moco is situated in the active center of molybdenum ferments, which are used as short bonds of electron passage and take part in nitrogen and sulfur metabolism, hormone biosynthesis, and plant harmful bond detoxification. There are known four molybdenum ferments of higher plants such as nitrate reductase (NR), xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), aldehyde oxidase (AO), and sulfite oxidase (SO). Tungsten (T) is molybdenum antagonist. It pushes molybdenum out of mobdoenzymes, as a result molybdenum-containing enzymes become inactive. Molybdenum is a vital element which is in minimal qualities required for plant growth and development. On the other hand, huge amount of Molybdenum is toxic, and its complete absence is lethal for the plant organism. As a result, the search for the perfect molybdenum concentration for the growth and development plays an important role in agriculture. Nicotiana Benthamiana, or Australian tobacco was used as a model plant, it is nightshade family (Solanaceae). The article presents sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4•2H2O), sodium wolframate (Na2WO4•2H2O), and molybdate with wolframate influence to germinating capacity and length of Nicotiana Benthamiana plantlets.