德国教育喜好度变化分析:为什么越来越多的德国学生宁愿接受大学教育而不选择二元职业教育培训制度?

olger Preut
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究分析了最近德国高中毕业生教育偏好的变化以及这种变化背后的可能原因。直到2007年左右,双学位的职业教育与培训(VET)为大多数德国年轻人进入劳动力市场奠定了基础,而参加高等教育(HE)的人数最多只有三分之一左右。学校跟踪、劳动力市场准入的结构性差异,以及最重要的是社会对双重职业教育的积极看法,确保了高等教育的学生人数很少。令人惊讶的是,自2013年以来,进入高等教育的德国毕业生人数一直超过双职业教育培训的受训者人数。这项研究认为,德国人对教育的渴望在推动大学生人数上升和双职业教育培训学员人数下降方面发挥了最重要的作用。然而,教育偏好的转变无疑也受到了制度变化的鼓励,制度变化允许高等教育获得更大的学习权利,知识密集型服务型行业的变化导致就业部门的技能提高和公司的新组织结构,以及在某种程度上,结合学术和职业学习的双重学习计划的兴起。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
독일의 교육 선호도 변화 분석: 왜 점점 더 많은 독일의 학생들이 이원적 직업교육훈련제도를 선택하기보다 대학 교육을 받고자 하는가?
This study analyzes the recent shifts in educational preferences among German school-leavers and the possible reasons behind this development. Until around 2007, the dual VET (Vocational Educational and Training) prepared the ground for the majority of young Germans’ entry to the labor market, whilst participation in HE (Higher Education) was at best just around a third of a cohort. School tracking, structural differences in labor market access, and above all positive societal perceptions of the dual VET ensured low numbers of students in HE. Surprisingly, since 2013 the number of German school-leavers entering HE has continuously outweighed the number of trainees in dual VET. This study argues that the growth of educational aspirations among Germans have been most significant in driving the rise in university students and the decline in dual VET trainees. However, shifting educational preferences have undoubtedly also been encouraged by institutional changes allowing greater accessibility to study entitlement for HE, the change to a knowledge-intense service-oriented industry leading to upskilling in the employment sector and new organizational structures in companies, and to some extent by the rise of dual study programs that combine academic and vocational learning.
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