美洲的经济理念和南北特惠贸易协定

N. Pose
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引用次数: 2

摘要

南北特惠贸易协定(pta)是乌拉圭回合谈判的强化版,发展中国家可以进入发达国家的市场,期望增加外国直接投资流入,但却发现它们的“政策空间”减少了(Shadlen, 2005)。本文以美国在拉美地区的pta为重点,试图回答为什么一些拉美国家认为这种交易具有吸引力,而另一些国家则没有。我认为,现代自由贸易协定在其成本和收益方面产生了不确定性,因为没有标准化的工具来估计它们所包含的“与贸易相关”条款的影响。因此,政策制定者转向他们关于经济发展的一般观念,这些观念赋予它们不同的含义,从而产生不同的决策。经验表明,该论点补充了先前基于结构和社会变量的解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Economic Ideas and North-South Preferential Trade Agreements in the Americas
North-South Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) are an intensified version of the Uruguay round’s bargain, in which developing countries gain access to developed countries’ markets, expecting increase in inflows of foreign direct investment, but see their ‘policy space’ reduced (Shadlen, 2005). Focusing on United States’ PTAs in the Latin American region, this article seeks to answer why some Latin American countries found this bargain attractive while others did not. I argue that modern PTAs generate uncertainty over their costs and benefits, because there are not standardized tools to estimate the impact of the ‘trade-related’ provisions they include. As a result, policymakers turn to their general ideas about economic development, which assign different meanings to them, producing differing decisions. Empirically, it is shown that the argument complements previous explanations based on structural and societal variables.
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