Cardioprotective and Renoprotective Effects of the Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

— Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease due to the body's inability to use insulin effectively resulting in an increase in blood sugar. Optimal blood glucose control has an important role to prevent complications in DM sufferers. Complications such as cardiovascular and kidney disease can cause morbidity and mortality in people with DM. Therefore, the selection of drugs that can protect the heart and kidneys is needed. One alternative that has emerged recently is known as the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2 inhibitor) class of drug. This study was aimed to describe the cardioprotective and renoprotective effects of using SGLT2 inhibitors in DM patients. The method employed was a systematic review by searching online scientific journals in the PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases of 2010-2020. The findings revealed that the SGLT2 inhibitor class of drug had a better effect on a significant reduction in cardiovascular and renal event. The cardioprotective mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors was related to sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) in myocardium. While the renoprotective mechanism was related to the reduction of intraglomerular pressure. The conclusion is that SGLT2 inhibitors can provide cardioprotective effects such as reduced risk of MACE, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, death from cardiovascular causes and renoprotective effects such as slowing the rate of albuminuria development, decreasing the incidence of serum creatinine doubling, progressively