“只要把钱给父母”:美国儿童贫困和儿童税收抵免的关键和比较政策分析

Trevor O'Connor
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引用次数: 0

摘要

仅2022年1月,就有370多万美国儿童陷入贫困。这一惊人的数字比2021年12月增加了41%,当时扩大的每月美国儿童税收抵免(CTC)到期,使许多家庭没有经济救生筏来维持生计。这种儿童贫困的增加具有具体和破坏性的社会、政治、经济和道德后果。在过去的几十年里,大量的研究已经在压力、羞耻感和物质匮乏与儿童早期发展和生活机会的负面影响之间建立了明确的因果关系。在经济上,儿童贫困每年造成1.3万亿美元的生产力损失和社会弊病,约占GDP的5.4%。本文试图通过政策审查和附带的政策备忘录,批判性地审视美国儿童贫困的原因、后果和新兴解决方案。政策审查分为四个组成部分:1)对美国儿童贫困的概述,2)对美国当前方法的批判性分析,3)替代政策方法的概述,以及4)美国可能的政策选择的概述。这项政策审查利用了最新的经验证据,并纳入了贫困文献,随后向美国参议院预算委员会主席提交了一份政策备忘录,敦促引入永久性的、每月扩大的、不以公民身份为基础的、与通货膨胀挂钩的、“可退还的”儿童税收抵免,作为美国家庭的最低保障收入。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
‘Just Give Money to the Parents’: A Critical and Comparative Policy Analysis of Childhood Poverty in the United States and the Child Tax Credit
In January 2022 alone, over 3.7 million American children were pushed into the throes ofpoverty. This striking number marks a 41% increase from December 2021 when the expanded monthly US Child Tax Credit (CTC) expired, leaving many families without the economic life raft to keep them afloat. Such an increase in child poverty has concrete and damaging social, political, economic, and ethical ramifications. Over the past decades, a plethora of studies have established a clear, causal link between the stress, shame, and material deprivation of poverty and the negative consequences on early childhood development and life chances. Economically, childhood poverty costs the US $1.3 trillion annually in lost productivity and social ills, about 5.4% of GDP. This paper seeks to critically examine the causes, consequences, and burgeoning solutions to childhood poverty in the United States through a policy review and accompanying policy memo. The policy review is divided into four constituent parts: 1) an overview of American childhood poverty, 2) a critical analysis of the US’ current approaches, 3) an outline of alternative policy approaches, and 4) an outline of possible policy options for the US. This policy review, utilising the latest empirical evidence and embedded within poverty literature, is followed by a policy memo written to the Chair of the US Senate Budget Committee, urging for the introduction of a permanent monthly, expanded, non-citizenship based, inflation-indexed, and ‘refundable’ Child Tax Credit that will serve as a minimum guaranteed income for America’s families.
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