福特总统任期内美国对中国的外交政策:1974-1977

A. Goncharenko, L. G. Polyakova
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本文研究了1974-1977年杰拉尔德·福特总统任期内的美国对华外交政策。阐述了调查期内美国对华方向外交政策战略强化的原因、过程和后果。华盛顿对“太平洋主义”的实践实现进行了探索。分析了美国建制派各团体在对华白宫政策形成问题上的作用。分析了1974-1977年美国总统杰拉尔德·福特政府对中国的具体外交政策行动。美国总统福特(Gerald Ford)(1974-1977)执政时期的对华外交政策,是两国领导人采取实际政治措施的结果,其主要成果是建立了系统可靠的双边关系渠道,扩大了经济、科学和文化接触,开始在国际关系中最重要的问题上系统地交换意见。在20世纪70年代下半叶,这一对话确保了中国在华盛顿基于“均势”概念的政策的连续性,而中国在白宫的外交政策战略中发挥了补充作用。这些因素形成了福特的“太平洋主义”,使北京成为美国在维持亚太地区力量平衡方面的伙伴,并巩固了美国对中华人民共和国在亚洲政治中的地位和作用的积极评价。美国政治思想向联合政策思想的回归发生在美苏战略均势的形成和美国统治圈意识的觉醒,由于越南战争的失败,美国有限的武力资源对国际局势的影响。从美国开始的对中国在国际舞台上的行为及其权力参数的研究,使人们有可能得出一个初步的结论,即中华人民共和国可以填补全球格局“三角”中缺失的一环——一个制衡苏联的地方;这需要消除中美之间的对抗。然而,在福特政府对华政策的初始阶段和双边关系正常化进程中被推到前台的社会政治和意识形态矛盾,在后来的阶段再次显现出来。1976年的总统竞选也是如此)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Foreign Policy of the USA Towards the PRC During Gerald Ford Presidency: 1974-1977
The article researches the US foreign policy towards the PRC during Gerald Ford presidency in 1974-1977. It describes the reasons, course and consequences of the intensification of the US foreign policy strategy in the Chinese direction during the investigated period. There was explored the practical realization of the “Pacific Doctrine”by Washington. The role of various groups in the American establishment in the question of the formation of the Chinese White House policy has been analyzed. The specific foreign policy actions of the administration of the US president Gerald Fordon the PRC in 1974-1977 are analyzed. The chief results of the foreign policy of the administration of the President of the United States Gerald Ford (1974-1977) concerning the PRC, which resulted from the real political steps taken by the leaders of both countries, was the establishment of systematic and reliable channels of bilateral ties, expansion of economic, scientific and cultural contacts, the beginning of a systematic exchange of views on the most important issues of international relations. In the second half of the 70’s of the twentieth century this dialogue ensured the continuity of China’s policy in Washington, which was based on the concept of a “balance of power”, while China played a complementary role in the foreign policy strategy of the White House. These factors formed the “Pacific Doctrine” of G. Ford, which gave Beijing the status of an American partner in maintaining a balance of power in the Asia-Pacific region and consolidated a positive assessment of the place and role of the People’s Republic of China in Asian politics in the United States of America. The return of American political thought to the ideas of the combination policy occurred in the formation of US-Soviet strategic parity and awareness of the ruling circles in the United States, due to the defeat in Vietnam, the limited resources of force influence on the international situation. Started in the United States the study of China’s behavior in the international arena and its power parameters made it possible then to draw a preliminary conclusion that the People’s Republic of China can fill the place of the missing link in the “triangle” of the global scheme – a place of counterweight to the USSR; this required the removal of a US-Chinese confrontation. However, the socio-political and ideological contradictions that were pushed to the foreground on the initial stage of the Chinese policy of the administration of G. Ford and the process of normalization of bilateral relations, again made themselves felt at a later stage. Their injection was promoted by the logic of the development of bilateral US-China relations, as well as by a number of internal objective and subjective reasons, as in the People’s Republic of China (a sharp increase in the struggle for power connected with the illness and death of Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong), and in the United States (Gerald Ford made certain curtseys towards the American right-wing conservative forces and began to intensify approaches to Beijing and Moscow, and also the presidential campaign of 1976). Keywords: the USA, PRC, China, foreign policy, American-Chinese relations, “Pacific Doctrine”, Gerald Ford, Henry Kissinger , Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping.
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