敖德萨州境内含有持久性有机污染物的废物数量和来源分析

36 Pub Date : 2021-12-29 DOI:10.26565/1992-4224-2021-36-07
V. Mykhailenko, T. Safranov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。估计敖德萨地区含持久性有机污染物(POPs)废物的蓄积量和该废物的管理系统状况。为了计算持久性有机污染物流入环境的数量,我们使用了更新的欧洲污染物排放清单方法《EMEP/EEA空气污染物排放清单指南(2019)》。确定并分析了敖德萨地区含多氯联苯废物堆积的优先来源;估计敖德萨地区无法使用的РOPs-containing农药解毒方案的可得性和执行情况;确定各区人均含持久性有机污染物农药的具体质量;根据农药的具体质量值,安排和确定含持久性有机污染物农药脱毒措施的重点组织区域;使用更新的欧洲方法,计算从含多氯联苯设备泄漏的多氯联苯量和流入环境(土壤覆盖和空气盆地)的多氯联苯量;对结果进行了排序,并确定了排除含多氯联苯设备的优先地区,从而确定了《斯德哥尔摩公约》的有效执行情况。农药的最大份额落在Savran(2660公斤/人)、Biliaivka(2.47公斤/人)、Kodyma(2082公斤/人)和Liubashivka(1197公斤/人)地区的居民,这些地区应成为不可用的含持久性有机污染物农药解毒方案的优先事项。结论。现有的法律基础和方法框架不足以有效执行《斯德哥尔摩公约》的要求。《2018年禁用含持久性有机污染物农药脱毒方案》尚未实施。因此,在绝大多数情况下,不正确储存的农药可能是多氯联苯的来源,因为这些地区的居民有杀虫剂。来自电气设备的多氯联苯供应的最大贡献落在敖德萨-从这个来源进入环境的多氯联苯总量的49.2%。这就是为什么停止在敖德萨地区使用含多氯联苯设备的计划必须从敖德萨开始实施的原因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Analysis of Volumes and Sources of Waste Containing Persistent Organic Pollutants on the Territory of Odesa Region
Purpose. The estimating the amount of accumulation of waste containing Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and state of the management system for this waste in Odesa region. Methods. To calculate the amount of POPs inflows into the environment, we use an updated European methodology for the inventory of pollutant emissions «EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook (2019) ». Results. The priority sources of waste accumulation containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Odesa region are identified and analyzed; the availability and state of programs implementation for the detoxification of unusable РOPs-containing pesticides in the Odesa region is estimated; specific masses of POPs-containing pesticides per capita in each districts are determined; according to the value of specific masses of pesticides, priority districts for organization of measures to detoxify POPs-containing pesticides are arranged and identified; using the updated European methodology, the volumes of PCB leaks from PCB-containing equipment and the volumes of PCB inflows into the environment (soil cover and air basin) are calculated; the results are ranked and priority districts for detoxification of PCB-containing equipment and, as a result, effective implementation of the Stockholm Convention are identified.The largest share of pesticides falls on the residents of Savran (2,660 kg/person), Biliaivka (2.47 kg/person), Kodyma (2,082 kg/person) and Liubashivka (1,197 kg/person) districts, which should become a priority in the program for detoxification of unusable POPs-containing pesticides. Conclusions. The existing legal base and methodological framework is not enough to effectively implement the requirements of the Stockholm Convention. The program for the detoxification of unusable POPs-containing pesticides for 2018 has not been implemented. So pesticides that are stored incorrectly in the vast majority of cases, are a probable source of PCBs for residents in which districts pesticides are localized The largest contribution to the supply of PCBs from electrical equipment falls on Odesa – 49.2% of the total PCBs mass coming into the environment from this source. That is why the implementation of the program for the discontinuance of using equipment containing PCBs in Odesa region must begin from Odesa.
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