反恐措施在“伊斯兰”恐怖主义发展中的作用。

Stephen Vertigans, Philip W. Sutton
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引用次数: 2

摘要

2001年9月11日之后,学术界对“伊斯兰”恐怖主义的关注越来越集中在国家和全球安全、穆斯林占多数的民族国家内部的政治不稳定以及宗教文化实体之间的文明冲突上。在社会科学范围内解释当代“伊斯兰”恐怖主义的尝试往往集中在与日益全球化和相互联系的文化、经济、政治和社会变革形式相关的过程上。显然,这些因素很重要,但其中许多因素出现在被调查的恐怖组织出现之前,没有考虑到受过相对高等教育和富有的成员所起的突出作用。这些说法的基础是一种假设,即消除贫困、实行民主、普及教育和改进主动安全安排将消除恐怖主义。然而,国家和国际行为体为改善安全、应对好战性和恐怖主义而采取的措施,助长了他们试图预防和改变的信念和行为的扩大。换句话说,最近的恐怖主义在一定程度上是有意预防措施的意外后果。本文的重点是反恐措施对身份形成的影响,特别是这些措施与基地组织及其相关团体的发展之间的关系。本文评估了旨在削弱伊斯兰激进分子在民族国家内部吸引力的政府政策的影响,以及与美国领导的反恐战争有关的行动。这里引用了故意行为的“意外后果”的社会学概念,以帮助确定最近恐怖活动背后的社会过程。这些过程正在促进“伊斯兰”恐怖主义在一系列不同民族国家的持续创造和维持。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The role of anti-terror measures in the development of 'Islamic' terrorism.
Post-September 11th 2001, academic attention on 'Islamic' terrorism is increasingly concentrating upon national and global security, political instability within majority-Muslim nation-states and perceived civilizational conflict between religio-cultural entities. Attempts to explain contemporary 'Islamic' terrorism within social science have tended to focus upon processes associated with increasing globalization and interlinked forms of cultural, economic, political and social changes. Clearly these are important, but many predate the emergence of the terror groups under investigation, failing to account for the prominent role of relatively highly educated and wealthy members. Underlying these accounts is an assumption that the rectification of poverty, introduction of democracy, universal education and improved proactive security arrangements will eradicate terrorism. However, the measures being implemented by national and international actors to improve security and address militancy and terrorism are contributing to an amplification of the beliefs and behaviour they are seeking to prevent and change. In other words, recent terrorism is in part an unintended consequence of intentionally preventative measures. This paper focuses on the impact of anti-terror measures on identity formation and in particular the relationship between such measures and the development of al-Qa'ida and associated groups. The impact of government policies designed to undermine the appeal of militant Islam within nation-states and actions undertaken in association with the American-led war on terror are assessed. The sociological concept of the 'unintended consequences' of intentional action is invoked here to help identify the social processes underlying recent terrorist activity. These processes are contributing to the ongoing creation and maintenance of 'Islamic' terrorism across a range of different nation-states.
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