东南欧旅游的时空回顾——一个局内人的视角

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摘要

20世纪60年代,在现代旅游业兴起之初,东南欧是一个划分明确的国家区域。除了希腊,其他国家都是共产主义政府。南斯拉夫决定开放边界,邀请游客,增加硬通货收入。根据世界旅游组织的统计,南斯拉夫在20世纪80年代被列为世界上访问量最大的10个国家之一。本文将通过旅游经营者和学者的视角和经验,阐述三个时间框架下的旅游特征:1.在历史统一的空间中;2)当代碎片化空间;3)后工业时代的全球化空间。个人印象将因自己的研究成果和青年科学家的指导而丰富。铁幕的倒塌、对国家/民族主权的争取、东欧大部分周边国家加入欧盟、一些欧亚和拉美国家中产阶级的崛起、航空旅行方式的改变、不断增长的巡航业、渴望体验和寻求肾上腺素的人口以及注重健康和环境的社会群体,再次使东南欧旅游目的地成为一个值得探索的领域。前南斯拉夫支离破碎的领土被划分为7个民族国家,由大约6326公里的半开放、往往不明确的边界纵横交错,在大约252个过境点上,游客必须证明自己的身份并申报海关货物。尽管如此,2015年该地区大多数国家的旅游业将取得有史以来最好的经济成果。除了对欧洲人的吸引力,即地中海温暖的海水,亚洲人的观光旅游也丰富了文化和自然的突出特点。历史悠久的首都和城镇、国家杰出的自然特色和主要的文化遗址使亚洲游客在外国游客名单上名列前茅。该地区旅游业的未来在于促进跨界发展和旅游业可持续发展意识的增强。旅游业的发展只能在不扼杀诱人的自然、真实的文化和旅游业本身的程度上得到容忍。管理好自然保护区和联合国教科文组织遗产地的数百万游客,是未来旅游开发商的任务。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE'S TOURISM IN TIME AND SPACE RETROSPECTIVE - AN INSIDER'S VIEW
South-Eastern Europe was, at the beginning of the modern-day tourism, in the 1960’s, a well-defined area of states. With the exception of Greece, all had communistic governments. Yugoslavia decided to open borders, invite tourists and enrich their hard currency income. According to UNWTO Yugoslavia was in 1980’s listed among the 10 most visited countries of the world. Through the eyes and experiences of a tour operator and academician, the paper will elaborate on tourism characteristics in three time-frames: 1.) in the historically unified space; 2.) in the contemporary fragmented space and 3.) in the post-industrial globalized space. Personal impressions will be enriched with results of own research and from young scientists’ mentorship. The Fall of the Iron Curtain, the strive for national/ethnic sovereignty, the inclusion of most of the East-European periphery into the EU, the uprising of the middle class in some Euro-Asian and Latin American countries, the change of the air travel mode, the growing cruising industry, the experience thirsty and adrenalin searching population and the health- and environment conscious social groups have again made the tourist destination South-Eastern Europe a territory worth to discover. The fragmented space of the former Yugoslavia is divided into 7 nation-states, crisscrossed by approximately 6326 km of semi-open, often not defined borders where on approximately 252 border crossings tourist must identify himself and declare custom goods. Despite it, will most countries in 2015 of the region report best economic results of the tourism industry ever. In addition to the pull-effect for the Europeans – namely the warm waters of the Mediterranean - sightseeing tourism of Asians is enriching outstanding features of cultures and nature. Historical capitols and towns, countries’ outstanding natural specifics, and dominant cultural sites register Asian visitors near the top of the foreign nation’s tourist list. The future of the region for the tourism industry lies in the promotion of cross-border development and in the increase of the awareness of sustainable development of tourism industries’ complexity. Tourism development can only be tolerated to an extent where it would not kill the inviting nature, the authentic culture and itself. Regulating millions of visitors in protected sites of nature and UNESCO heritage places is the task for tourism developers of the future.
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