文化语言区域公共语篇中的正字法与语义规范性词汇

Iryna Marynenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

宣传文本中的语言准确性问题并没有因为大量偏离语言规范而失去其现实性。对涉及文化和教育话题的新闻材料的分析表明,在这些新闻材料中,语言规范经常被打破。本研究的目的是对新闻材料中有关文化语言主题的最常见错误进行系统化整理,并确定其发生的原因。为了达到这一目标,我们选择并分析了85篇文章和访谈,这些文章和访谈都是关于语言政策和言论文化的问题,这些文章和访谈都来自流行的互联网宣传来源。收集到的错误(规范性词汇)超过400个。在对所选材料的研究过程中,采用了以下方法:采用整体选择法,选择文本并收集跨媒体来源的规范性词汇实例;界定语言偏离规范的本质及其原因的描述方法;对所选的规范性词汇进行系统化和分类的分析和综合方法。完成的研究可以断言,致力于文化语言问题的公共文本比其他主题领域的文本包含较少的规范偏差。因此,它们包含较少的同义词使用错误,没有不恰当的使用不熟悉的术语和很少使用的词的情况。然而,由于俄语的影响,造词和语义借译的频率仍然很高。这可以解释为在文本作者的意识中缺乏对两种语言的明确界定。不断提高新闻记者和编辑的语言能力,重视复杂的单词拼写实例和明确的词汇单位的使用,将促进大众传媒工作者语言文化的全面提高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Orthographic and Semantic Anormative Lexis in Publicistic Texts of Cultural-Linguistic Area
The problem of language accuracy in publicistic texts hasn’t lost its actuality due to the great number of deviations from the language norms. The analysis of journalistic materials, which deal with the cultural and educational topics, has demonstrated that the language norms are broken in them rather often. The objective of the research is to systematize the most frequently used mistakes in the journalistic materials on cultural-linguistic topics, and to define the reasons of their occurrence. For reaching this objective 85 articles and interviews devoted to the issues of language policy and culture of speech taken from popular Internet publicistic sources were chosen and analyzed. The number of collected mistakes (anormative lexis) is over 400. The following methods were used during the research of the selected material: the method of entire selection for choosing the texts and collecting the examples of anormative lexis from cross-media sources; the descriptive method for defining the essence of deviation from the language norm and for finding the reasons of this phenomenon; the methods of analysis and synthesis for systematizing and classifying the selected anormative lexis. The fulfilled research allows to assert that the publicistic texts devoted to cultural-linguistic issues contain less number of norm deviations than texts of other thematic spheres. Thus, they contain less number of mistakes in usage of paronyms, there were no cases of inappropriate usage of little known terms and rarely used words. However, due to the influence of the Russian language the frequency of word-building and semantic loan translation is still high. It can be explained by the lack of clear delimitation of two languages in the consciousness of texts’ authors. The permanent improvement of language competence of journalists and editors, paying attention to the complicated examples of word spelling and to the usage of definite lexical units will promote thorough improvement of language culture of mass media staff.
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