十九世纪下半叶至二十世纪初西乌克兰国际经济联系的发展

N. Gorin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文叙述了西乌克兰土地在奥匈帝国统治时期国际经济关系的主要形式和渠道。政府政策在吸引外国投资以发展乌克兰西部地区经济方面的作用已得到澄清。分析了铁路网络发展在乌克兰西部经济融入世界商品现金流中的作用。人们注意到,帝国的东北地区是由中央政府开发的,主要是为了获得廉价的原材料和劳动力,以及为帝国中部地区的企业生产的工业产品创造一个销售市场。人们注意到,当时形成的生产专业化为将来乌克兰西部土地经济的不成比例发展奠定了基础。外资参与最多的一般部门,特别是:铁路建设、化学、机械制造、石油和炼油、电力、锯木厂、木工和ozokerite工业、银行和批发。奥地利、德国、美国、法国和英国的资本在各个经济部门的发展中所起的作用被追踪了下来。研究表明,竞争环境和资产资本化制度机制的薄弱、政府对大企业的庇护等因素导致了该地区经济中垄断倾向的产生和加速发展。分析了乌克兰西部地区对外贸易关系的主要载体,并着重分析了19世纪下半叶至20世纪初乌克兰人劳动力迁移的原因和方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Development of international economic ties of Western Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX century
The article describes the main forms and channels of international economic relations of the Western Ukrainian lands during their being in Austro-Hungary state. The role of government policy in attracting foreign investment for the development of economy of the Western Ukrainian region has been clarified. The role of railway network development in the integration of Western Ukraine economy into the world commodity-cash flows is analyzed. It was noted that the northeastern regions of the empire were developed by the central government primarily in order to obtain cheap raw materials and labor, as well as to create a market for the sale of industrial goods produced by enterprises from the central regions of the empire. It is noted that the then shaped specialization of production laid the foundations for the disproportionate development of the economy of Western Ukrainian lands in the future. Generalized sectors where foreign capital participated most, in particular: railway construction, chemical, machine building, oil and refining, electricity, sawmill, woodworking and ozokerite industry, banking and wholesaling. The role of Austrian, German, American, French and English capital in the development of individual branches of economy was tracked down. It is shown that the weakness of the competitive environment and institutional mechanisms of asset capitalization, governmental patronage for large enterprises caused the emergence and accelerated development of monopolistic tendencies in the economy of the region. The main vectors of foreign trade relations of Western Ukrainian lands are analyzed and the reasons and directions of labor migration of Ukrainians in the second half of the nineteenth – beginning of the twentieth century are highlighted.
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