TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON CARE OF CLIENTS UNDERGOING BEATING HEART SURGERY

Surgical coronary revascularisation, in its infancy, was first performed on a beating heart. The majority of the literature credits Kolesov, from the former Soviet Union, with performing the initial off-bypass surgery in 1964, when he reported his experience in anastomosing the internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending artery on a beating heart. Later in the United States, Favaloro (in 1968) and Garrett (in 1973) presented their experiences with the use of saphenous vein grafts as additional conduits. Despite these favourable initial results in the surgical treatment of coronary artery disease, the introduction and refinement of cardiopulmonary bypass in the 1960s offered a more widely acceptable alternative to coronary revascularisation. The Cardiopulmonary Bypass machine and cardioplegic arrest provided surgeons with a motionless target and a bloodless environment in which to accomplish a safe operation. Graft patency rates after this type of surgery are excellent. This preferred practice dominated cardiac surgery for more than 2 decades.