The regulation of the system of the settlements as the main factor of rural architecture in Siberia

Before the period of “reconstruction” the base of the scientific conception of the planning reorganization of the settlings in Siberia was the development of the network of settlements as the indivisible system of settling. This process gave the possibility to solve the problem of overcoming the differences between the city and the village; reduced the grouth of large cities and developed the small and middle-sizen ones. Moreover, the development of small towns, as the centres of rural districts, was one of the main tasks in improvement of territorial production organization. In the 1980-s the cultural relations between small and large towns, villages and towns has considerably increased. The production ties strengthened. The territorial-production and agroindustrial complexes and societies were formed. The concentration of production was carried out on the base of combination and specialization. The interfamily ties in the socio-cultural sphere were developing. The integration of towns and villages into a town-building formation on a regional scale was carried out the system of settling in Siberia. The following economic and social problems were planned: the use of natural resources of the territory, the development of the agrarian production and its transference on the industrial basis, the equalization of the living standards of the rural and city dwellers, the development of transport communication. All in all, during the 197080-s, the number of city dwellers were increasing by 2-2,5 % annually, but the number of rural dwellers were decreasing by 1-3 %. The greatest concentration of the inhabitants were marked in the large cities (about 50 Yo of the country’s population). Most of the rural settlements were reorganized into the town settlings of the agro-industrial complexes. Until recently, the regional systems of settling of three hierarchical levels were set up. Coodinative local systems of four levels were singled out from the regional system. The formation of the developed structure of the local systems of settling was carried out alongside with the purposeful development of their centers. The present process of the formation of the settling system is spontaneous to a considerable extent. Nowadays, the territorial organization of Siberia is like a self-settled system. The number of population of the 4 % of the urbanized territory of the southern part of West en Siberia grew by 70 % during the last 30 years. Now it is more than a half of the whole population of the region. The earned investments, infrastructure and transport are concentrated here. In the agrarian zone the quantity of people reduced to a one third, thousands of settlements disappeared. The vacuum appears in the network of settlings. Along their boarders, zones of risky settlings are formed, where the amount of citizens decreases and the production becomes noneffective. The territories with the greatest potential form the attraction field around themselves. It influences the structure of settling, economy. The streams of investments and migratory movements tend to the centres with high potential. The inner regularities of a settling determine the reinforcement of the contrasts and the irregular feature of a settling. The opposition to the objective regularities leads to the colossal expenditures and fails the expected results. The basis of the strategy in settling and in territorial organization of the regions should be the valuation of the probable changes in the territorial structure, mobilization of resources and search for the compromise way out of the unfavorable situation. The possibility of .