麻醉师实践中的术后护理问题

Aleksandra V. Khomina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们分析了在麻醉师的实践中为术后手术患者提供多组分麻醉的方法。在过去的十年中,手术干预的数量不断增加,手术技术和麻醉方法得到了改进。在实际麻醉中,各种药物被注射到病人的血液中,或者通过一个面罩,完全关闭他的意识。预防性疼痛缓解的方法可以减少术后疼痛的强度,有助于预防慢性术后疼痛综合征。目前,麻醉药的范围发生了重大变化。阿片类镇痛药和中枢作用的非阿片类镇痛药用于缓解疼痛,非甾体类抗炎药和局部麻醉也被广泛使用。可以进行表面麻醉或应用麻醉。在下肢手术中,脊髓和硬膜外麻醉技术及其改进正变得越来越普遍。复杂(多模式)镇痛策略包括联合使用非甾体抗炎药、局部麻醉剂、中枢镇痛药和作用于神经冲动传导水平的药物。它应该在整个受损组织存在的时期内使用,直到最终愈合。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Postsurgical care aspects in anesthesiologist’s practice
We analyze methods for providing multicomponent anesthesia for postoperative surgical patients in the practice of an anesthesiologist. In the last decade, the number of surgical interventions has been growing, surgical techniques and methods of anesthesia have been improved. In practiced anesthesia various drugs are injected into the patient's bloodstream or through a mask, completely turning off his consciousness. Methods of prophylactic pain relief allow to reduce the intensity of postoperative pain and contribute to the prevention of chronic postoperative pain syndrome. Currently, there have been significant changes in the range of anesthetics. Opioid analgesics and non-opioid analgesics of central action are used for pain relief, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and local anesthesia are also widely used. Superficial or application anesthesia is possible. In operations on the lower extremities, spinal and epidural anesthesia techniques and their modifications are becoming more widespread. Complex (multimodal) pain relief tactics involves the use of a combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics, centrally acting analgesics and drugs acting at the level of nerve impulse conduction. It should be used throughout the entire period of existence of the zone of damaged tissues until the final healing.
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