Novel microwave devices and structures based on the transmission line approach of meta-materials

This paper is composed of two parts. In the first part, the fundamentals of ideal transmission lines (TL) meta-materials (NM) with their physical characteristics and the synthesis of practical artificial TL-MMs with their circuital characteristics are presented. A microstrip implementation of a composite right/left handed (CRLH) TL is shown. In the second part, several novel applications based on the theory of the first part are demonstrated: a backfire-to-endfire leaky wave antenna, a coupled-line coupler with arbitrary coupling, a compact enhanced-bandwidth hybrid ring, a dual-band inharmonic branch-line coupler and a negative reflection/refraction phase-conjugating array interface.