普希金和乔治·桑

Vladimir Zvinyatskovsky, Vlada Linnik
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文揭示了普希金对乔治·桑的人格及其小说持怀疑态度的客观认识问题。在某种神秘的方式上,这种怀疑态度与诗人对安娜·克恩的个性和她作为乔治·桑的翻译的工作的态度联系在一起,同时(正如普希金猜想的那样),她是乔治·桑的“复制品”。但安娜·克恩并不是乔治·桑的“翻版”。她比她大5岁,她的许多爱情故事(包括她与普希金本人的爱情故事)在她的生活和小说中都比世界闻名的乔治·桑的爱情故事要早。与此同时,普希金创作了一部乔治·桑风格的小说——《爱的历史》champêtre(这种风格实际上是由乔治·桑创作的):《杜布罗夫斯基,无限罗马》。这部未完成的小说为我们提供了一把钥匙,让我们了解普希金怀疑态度的本质——既不是对乔治·桑的个性,也不是对她的小说——而是对法国作家所传播的一些价值观,尤其是对已婚妇女责任的自由解释。乔治·桑在整个欧洲(包括俄罗斯)的知名度促进了这些价值观的歧视。将普希金的《杜布罗夫斯基》与乔治·桑的《情人节》(1832)进行比较,可以对这个问题有所澄清。《杜布罗夫斯基》和《情人节》的情节和社会历史背景几乎相同,这并非巧合。普希金为《杜布罗夫斯基》选择了与乔治·桑的《情人节》争论的环境。但争论开始于《杜布罗夫斯基》尚未完成(相当未完成)的地方。从那以后,普希金这部未完成的小说的谜团就一直没有解开。著名的普希金对它的最后部分的计划只不过是一个吝啬的大纲。然而,普希金的其他作品和他的传记的背景给了我们一些机会来重建他的论点(主观的和客观的)在他与乔治·桑的争论。А将普希金的《杜布罗夫斯基》与普希金的《暴风雪》和《叶夫根尼·奥涅金》的最后一部分进行比较,可以清楚地看出作者在这部未完成的小说中的意图。陀思妥耶夫斯基(在莫斯科为普希金纪念碑揭幕的演讲中)用这样的话宣布了这件事:“一个俄罗斯女人不是一个法国女人”。鉴于乔治·桑在19世纪下半叶在俄罗斯的知名度,陀思妥耶夫斯基可能想到了普希金与《情人节》作者关于所谓“女人的问题”的讨论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pushkin and George Sand
The proposed article reveals the problem of objective perception of Pushkin's skeptical attitude to the personality of George Sand and her novels. In some mystical way this skeptical attitude was connected with poet’s attitude to the personality of Anna Kern and her work as George Sand’s translator and in the same time (as Pushkin guesed) with her being George Sand’s “copy”. But Anna Kern was not “a copy” of George Sand. She was 5 years older, and her multitude love stories (including her love story with Pushkin himself) preceded the world-known George Sand’s love stories – in her life and in her novels as well. Simultaneously Pushkin created a novel in George Sand’s genre – histoire d’amour sur fond champêtre (this genre was in fact created by George Sand): “Dubrovskiy, le roman infini”. This unfinished novel gives us a key to the nature of Pushkin's skeptical attitude – neither to the personality of George Sand nor to her novels – but to some values propagated by Franch writer, especially the free interpretation of married women’s duties. George Sand’s popularity all over Europe (including Russia) promoted the dissimination of those values. The comparison of Pushkin's “Dubrovskiy” with George Sand’s “Valentine” (1832) brings some clarification of the matter. Plot and social and historic background of “Dubrovskiy” and “Valentine” are almost the same, and it is no coincidence. Pushkin chooses for “Dubrovskiy” the circumstances which give him an opportunity for polemic with George Sand’s “Valentine”. But the polemic begins where “Dubrovskiy” is left finished (rather unfinished). A mistery of the unfinished Pushkin’s novel has never been resolved ever since. Well-known Pushkin’s plan of it’s final part is nothing more than a stingy outline. Nevertheless the context of other Pushkin’s works and his biography gives us some opportunities for a reconstruction of his arguments (subjective and objective as well) in his polemic with George Sand. А comparison of Pushkin’s “Dubrovskiy” with Pushkin’s “Snowstorm” and a final part of “Evgeniy Onegin” clearly shows author’s intentions in the unfinished novel. Dostoyevskiy (in his speech devoted to the opening of Pushkin’s monument in Moscow) had announced the matter in such words: “A Russian woman is not a French one”. Given George Sand’s popularity in Russia in the second part of 19 century it can be argued that Dostoyevskiy had in mind Pushkin’s discussion on the so called “woman`s question” with the author of “Valentine”.
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