New calibration technique for coaxial network analyzer reflection measurements at millimeter-wave frequencies

This paper describes the development of a new calibration technique for Vector Network Analyzers (VNA) operating in coaxial lines at millimeter-wave frequencies. The technique utilizes a new design of primary reference standard — the air-dielectric open-circuit. These standards are mechanically robust and provide a simple route to achieving VNA measurements that are traceable to the International System of units (SI). Examples are given showing the calibration technique realized in the 1.85 mm coaxial line size. Results are presented of reflection coefficient measurements made to 70 GHz in this line size.