S Razali, D Tukhvatullina, N A Hashim, N J N Raduan, S J Anne, Z Ismail, M E Patsali, D Smirnova, K N Fountoulakis
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The presence of distress and depression was assessed using the English or Malay version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 963 participants, 451 (46.8%) had depression and 512 (53.2%) had no depression who were either normal (n = 169, 17.5%) or had distress (n = 343, 35.6%). Participants had higher odds of having depression when living with two people (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.896, p = 0.001), three people (AOR = 2.622, p < 0.001) or four people (AOR = 3.135, p < 0.001). Participants with three children had higher odds of having depression (AOR = 2.084, p = 0.008), whereas having only one child was a protective factor for depression (AOR = 0.481, p = 0.01). Participants had higher odds of having depression when self-employed (AOR = 3.825, p = 0.003), retired (AOR = 4.526, p = 0.001), being housekeeper (AOR = 7.478, p = 0.004), not working by choice (AOR = 5.511, p < 0.001), or unemployed (AOR = 3.883, p = 0.009). Participants had higher odds of depression when living in a small town (AOR = 3.193, p < 0.001) or rural area (AOR = 3.467, p < 0.001). Participants with no chronic medical illness had lower odds of having depression (AOR = 0.589, p = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic, people who are living with two, three, or four people, having three children, living in a small town or rural areas, and having unstable income have higher odds of having depression. Urgent intervention for those at risk of depression is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Sociodemographic Factors of Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: the COVID-19 Mental Health International Study.\",\"authors\":\"S Razali, D Tukhvatullina, N A Hashim, N J N Raduan, S J Anne, Z Ismail, M E Patsali, D Smirnova, K N Fountoulakis\",\"doi\":\"10.12809/eaap2204\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence of depression and the sociodemographic factors associated with depression in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic METHODS. 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Participants with three children had higher odds of having depression (AOR = 2.084, p = 0.008), whereas having only one child was a protective factor for depression (AOR = 0.481, p = 0.01). Participants had higher odds of having depression when self-employed (AOR = 3.825, p = 0.003), retired (AOR = 4.526, p = 0.001), being housekeeper (AOR = 7.478, p = 0.004), not working by choice (AOR = 5.511, p < 0.001), or unemployed (AOR = 3.883, p = 0.009). Participants had higher odds of depression when living in a small town (AOR = 3.193, p < 0.001) or rural area (AOR = 3.467, p < 0.001). Participants with no chronic medical illness had lower odds of having depression (AOR = 0.589, p = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic, people who are living with two, three, or four people, having three children, living in a small town or rural areas, and having unstable income have higher odds of having depression. 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引用次数: 1
摘要
目的:确定2019冠状病毒病大流行期间马来西亚抑郁症的患病率以及与抑郁症相关的社会人口因素。这项研究是2019冠状病毒病心理健康国际研究的一部分，旨在通过在线调查收集大流行对心理健康影响的数据。年龄≥18岁，能够阅读马来语或英语，能够访问互联网并同意参与的人被要求完成一份形式问卷，以收集他们的社会人口统计数据。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表的英文或马来语版本来评估痛苦和抑郁的存在。结果:963名参与者中，451名(46.8%)患有抑郁症，512名(53.2%)无抑郁症，正常(n = 169, 17.5%)或有痛苦(n = 343, 35.6%)。与两个人(调整后的优势比[AOR] = 3.896, p = 0.001)、三人(调整后的优势比[AOR] = 2.622, p < 0.001)或四人(AOR = 3.135, p < 0.001)生活在一起时，参与者患抑郁症的几率更高。有三个孩子的参与者患抑郁症的几率更高(AOR = 2.084, p = 0.008)，而只有一个孩子的参与者是患抑郁症的保护因素(AOR = 0.481, p = 0.01)。当个体经营者(AOR = 3.825, p = 0.003)、退休(AOR = 4.526, p = 0.001)、做管家(AOR = 7.478, p = 0.004)、非自愿工作(AOR = 5.511, p < 0.001)或失业(AOR = 3.883, p = 0.009)时，参与者患抑郁症的几率更高。生活在小城镇(AOR = 3.193, p < 0.001)或农村地区(AOR = 3.467, p < 0.001)的参与者患抑郁症的几率更高。无慢性医学疾病的参与者患抑郁症的几率较低(AOR = 0.589, p = 0.008)。结论:在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，马来西亚与2人、3人或4人生活，有3个孩子，生活在小城镇或农村地区，收入不稳定的人患抑郁症的几率更高。建议对那些有抑郁风险的人进行紧急干预。
Sociodemographic Factors of Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: the COVID-19 Mental Health International Study.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depression and the sociodemographic factors associated with depression in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic METHODS. This study is part of the COVID-19 Mental Health International Study to collect data on the impact of the pandemic on mental health through an online survey. People who were aged ≥18 years, able to read Malay or English, had access to the internet, and consented to participate were asked to complete a pro forma questionnaire to collect their sociodemographic data. The presence of distress and depression was assessed using the English or Malay version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
Results: Of 963 participants, 451 (46.8%) had depression and 512 (53.2%) had no depression who were either normal (n = 169, 17.5%) or had distress (n = 343, 35.6%). Participants had higher odds of having depression when living with two people (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.896, p = 0.001), three people (AOR = 2.622, p < 0.001) or four people (AOR = 3.135, p < 0.001). Participants with three children had higher odds of having depression (AOR = 2.084, p = 0.008), whereas having only one child was a protective factor for depression (AOR = 0.481, p = 0.01). Participants had higher odds of having depression when self-employed (AOR = 3.825, p = 0.003), retired (AOR = 4.526, p = 0.001), being housekeeper (AOR = 7.478, p = 0.004), not working by choice (AOR = 5.511, p < 0.001), or unemployed (AOR = 3.883, p = 0.009). Participants had higher odds of depression when living in a small town (AOR = 3.193, p < 0.001) or rural area (AOR = 3.467, p < 0.001). Participants with no chronic medical illness had lower odds of having depression (AOR = 0.589, p = 0.008).
Conclusion: In Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic, people who are living with two, three, or four people, having three children, living in a small town or rural areas, and having unstable income have higher odds of having depression. Urgent intervention for those at risk of depression is recommended.
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