Zahra Bahmanyar, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Ahmad Gholami, Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
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For this purpose, various experiments of citrate-capped spherical AuNPs synthesis were designed to study the roles of a wide range of initial pH values and temperature of reaction, Na<sub>3</sub>Cit/HAuCl<sub>4</sub> molar ratio, and two order reagent additions, method I and method II, in the final characterisations and reaction efficacy. Prepared NPs synthesised with different experiments were characterised by dynamic light scattering, UV-Visible, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, NPs obtained from optimised synthesis conditions were more detailed using UV-Visible, transmission electron microscopy, and XRD. The findings indicated that the final size and synthesis efficacy of citrated capped spherical AuNPs were significantly affected by all studied synthesis parameters and the order addition of reagents. The higher initial reaction temperature and Na<sub>3</sub>Cit/HAuCl<sub>4</sub> Molar ratio provided a smaller particle size with desirable synthesis efficacy. Besides, final optimised NPs were provided in cubic crystal structures, and each NP's single crystal was obtained. In sum, our findings indicated that optimising synthesis conditions could improve size distribution, morphology, crystallite size, and structures of final NPS, as well as efficiency, which is a principal factor associated with future cost-effective productions on large scales. Further studies are needed in this regard.</p>","PeriodicalId":13393,"journal":{"name":"IET nanobiotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nbt2.12100","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of different physical factors on the synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles towards cost-effective biomedical applications\",\"authors\":\"Zahra Bahmanyar, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Ahmad Gholami, Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh\",\"doi\":\"10.1049/nbt2.12100\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have great potential to contribute to numerous application fields of biomedicine, which are highly dependent on their physicochemical properties, such as size and shape. Due to the final characteristics, nanoparticles (NPs) are primarily affected by different factors of reaction conditions; the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of manipulating the main physical parameters of the Turkevich method to optimise the fabrication of citrated capped AuNPs in a spherical shape, desirable final size, and efficiency. For this purpose, various experiments of citrate-capped spherical AuNPs synthesis were designed to study the roles of a wide range of initial pH values and temperature of reaction, Na<sub>3</sub>Cit/HAuCl<sub>4</sub> molar ratio, and two order reagent additions, method I and method II, in the final characterisations and reaction efficacy. Prepared NPs synthesised with different experiments were characterised by dynamic light scattering, UV-Visible, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, NPs obtained from optimised synthesis conditions were more detailed using UV-Visible, transmission electron microscopy, and XRD. The findings indicated that the final size and synthesis efficacy of citrated capped spherical AuNPs were significantly affected by all studied synthesis parameters and the order addition of reagents. The higher initial reaction temperature and Na<sub>3</sub>Cit/HAuCl<sub>4</sub> Molar ratio provided a smaller particle size with desirable synthesis efficacy. Besides, final optimised NPs were provided in cubic crystal structures, and each NP's single crystal was obtained. In sum, our findings indicated that optimising synthesis conditions could improve size distribution, morphology, crystallite size, and structures of final NPS, as well as efficiency, which is a principal factor associated with future cost-effective productions on large scales. 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Effect of different physical factors on the synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles towards cost-effective biomedical applications
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have great potential to contribute to numerous application fields of biomedicine, which are highly dependent on their physicochemical properties, such as size and shape. Due to the final characteristics, nanoparticles (NPs) are primarily affected by different factors of reaction conditions; the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of manipulating the main physical parameters of the Turkevich method to optimise the fabrication of citrated capped AuNPs in a spherical shape, desirable final size, and efficiency. For this purpose, various experiments of citrate-capped spherical AuNPs synthesis were designed to study the roles of a wide range of initial pH values and temperature of reaction, Na3Cit/HAuCl4 molar ratio, and two order reagent additions, method I and method II, in the final characterisations and reaction efficacy. Prepared NPs synthesised with different experiments were characterised by dynamic light scattering, UV-Visible, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, NPs obtained from optimised synthesis conditions were more detailed using UV-Visible, transmission electron microscopy, and XRD. The findings indicated that the final size and synthesis efficacy of citrated capped spherical AuNPs were significantly affected by all studied synthesis parameters and the order addition of reagents. The higher initial reaction temperature and Na3Cit/HAuCl4 Molar ratio provided a smaller particle size with desirable synthesis efficacy. Besides, final optimised NPs were provided in cubic crystal structures, and each NP's single crystal was obtained. In sum, our findings indicated that optimising synthesis conditions could improve size distribution, morphology, crystallite size, and structures of final NPS, as well as efficiency, which is a principal factor associated with future cost-effective productions on large scales. Further studies are needed in this regard.
期刊介绍：
Electrical and electronic engineers have a long and illustrious history of contributing new theories and technologies to the biomedical sciences. This includes the cable theory for understanding the transmission of electrical signals in nerve axons and muscle fibres; dielectric techniques that advanced the understanding of cell membrane structures and membrane ion channels; electron and atomic force microscopy for investigating cells at the molecular level.
Other engineering disciplines, along with contributions from the biological, chemical, materials and physical sciences, continue to provide groundbreaking contributions to this subject at the molecular and submolecular level. Our subject now extends from single molecule measurements using scanning probe techniques, through to interactions between cells and microstructures, micro- and nano-fluidics, and aspects of lab-on-chip technologies. The primary aim of IET Nanobiotechnology is to provide a vital resource for academic and industrial researchers operating in this exciting cross-disciplinary activity. We can only achieve this by publishing cutting edge research papers and expert review articles from the international engineering and scientific community. To attract such contributions we will exercise a commitment to our authors by ensuring that their manuscripts receive rapid constructive peer opinions and feedback across interdisciplinary boundaries.
IET Nanobiotechnology covers all aspects of research and emerging technologies including, but not limited to:
Fundamental theories and concepts applied to biomedical-related devices and methods at the micro- and nano-scale (including methods that employ electrokinetic, electrohydrodynamic, and optical trapping techniques)
Micromachining and microfabrication tools and techniques applied to the top-down approach to nanobiotechnology
Nanomachining and nanofabrication tools and techniques directed towards biomedical and biotechnological applications (e.g. applications of atomic force microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and related tools)
Colloid chemistry applied to nanobiotechnology (e.g. cosmetics, suntan lotions, bio-active nanoparticles)
Biosynthesis (also known as green synthesis) of nanoparticles; to be considered for publication, research papers in this area must be directed principally towards biomedical research and especially if they encompass in vivo models or proofs of concept. We welcome papers that are application-orientated or offer new concepts of substantial biomedical importance
Techniques for probing cell physiology, cell adhesion sites and cell-cell communication
Molecular self-assembly, including concepts of supramolecular chemistry, molecular recognition, and DNA nanotechnology
Societal issues such as health and the environment
Special issues. Call for papers:
Smart Nanobiosensors for Next-generation Biomedical Applications - https://digital-library.theiet.org/files/IET_NBT_CFP_SNNBA.pdf
Selected extended papers from the International conference of the 19th Asian BioCeramic Symposium - https://digital-library.theiet.org/files/IET_NBT_CFP_ABS.pdf
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