出芽酵母的交配类型转换,从翻转反转到盒式机制。

IF 8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Kenneth H Wolfe, Geraldine Butler
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引用次数: 2

摘要

配型转换是子囊菌酵母中调节细胞特性的一种自然但不寻常的遗传控制过程。它包括物理上用另一小段基因组DNA替换一小段基因组DNA,从而替换交配途径中的主要调节基因,从而改变细胞类型和交配行为。本文综述了近年来在芽殖酵母(Saccharomycotina亚门)交配型转换系统的起源和进化方面取得的进展。由于酿酒酵母的不寻常性质和机制的复杂性,直到最近,交配类型转换才被认为在酵母进化过程中只发生过一两次。然而,现在的比较基因组学分析表明,开关机制独立地出现了许多次——在出芽酵母中至少出现了11次,在裂变酵母中出现了一次——这是趋同进化的一个戏剧性例子。这些谱系中的大多数通过翻转染色体片段的翻转机制来切换交配类型,这比酿酒酵母使用的3位点盒机制(MAT/HML/HMR)更简单。交配型转换(次生同质性)是酵母实现自育的两种可能机制之一。另一种机制(原生同型化)也在芽殖酵母的多个进化谱系中独立出现,表明同型化受到自然选择的强烈支持。最近的研究表明,HO内切酶是由一个不寻常的移动遗传元件进化而来的,该元件最初针对糖酵解基因FBA1。HO内切酶可以使双链DNA断裂,从而启动酿酒葡萄球菌MAT位点的开关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Mating-Type Switching in Budding Yeasts, from Flip/Flop Inversion to Cassette Mechanisms.

Mating-Type Switching in Budding Yeasts, from Flip/Flop Inversion to Cassette Mechanisms.

Mating-Type Switching in Budding Yeasts, from Flip/Flop Inversion to Cassette Mechanisms.

Mating-Type Switching in Budding Yeasts, from Flip/Flop Inversion to Cassette Mechanisms.

Mating-type switching is a natural but unusual genetic control process that regulates cell identity in ascomycete yeasts. It involves physically replacing one small piece of genomic DNA by another, resulting in replacement of the master regulatory genes in the mating pathway and hence a switch of cell type and mating behavior. In this review, we concentrate on recent progress that has been made on understanding the origins and evolution of mating-type switching systems in budding yeasts (subphylum Saccharomycotina). Because of the unusual nature and the complexity of the mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mating-type switching was assumed until recently to have originated only once or twice during yeast evolution. However, comparative genomics analysis now shows that switching mechanisms arose many times independently-at least 11 times in budding yeasts and once in fission yeasts-a dramatic example of convergent evolution. Most of these lineages switch mating types by a flip/flop mechanism that inverts a section of a chromosome and is simpler than the well-characterized 3-locus cassette mechanism (MAT/HML/HMR) used by S. cerevisiae. Mating-type switching (secondary homothallism) is one of the two possible mechanisms by which a yeast species can become self-fertile. The other mechanism (primary homothallism) has also emerged independently in multiple evolutionary lineages of budding yeasts, indicating that homothallism has been favored strongly by natural selection. Recent work shows that HO endonuclease, which makes the double-strand DNA break that initiates switching at the S. cerevisiae MAT locus, evolved from an unusual mobile genetic element that originally targeted a glycolytic gene, FBA1.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.80
自引率
0.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR), a journal that explores the significance and interrelationships of recent discoveries in various microbiology fields, publishes review articles that help both specialists and nonspecialists understand and apply the latest findings in their own research. MMBR covers a wide range of topics in microbiology, including microbial ecology, evolution, parasitology, biotechnology, and immunology. The journal caters to scientists with diverse interests in all areas of microbial science and encompasses viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, and microbial parasites. MMBR primarily publishes authoritative and critical reviews that push the boundaries of knowledge, appealing to both specialists and generalists. The journal often includes descriptive figures and tables to enhance understanding. Indexed/Abstracted in various databases such as Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents- Life Sciences, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Summon, and Scopus, among others.
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