Regulation of Wnt signaling by non-coding RNAs during osteoblast differentiation

Bone is a rigid, mineralized connective tissue that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bone remodeling is a complex process that involves the coordination of ossification and bone resorption activities by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively, resulting in maintaining bone mass. This process involves several growth factors/cytokines and hormones regulating the various signaling pathways. Wnt is one of the major molecular signaling pathways that positively regulate the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Dysregulation in the Wnt signaling leads to serious bone-related disorders like osteoporosis and osteosclerosis. Recently, several studies reported the critical role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs, in the regulation of bone homeostasis via modulating the Wnt signaling cascade. This review summarizes the importance of such ncRNAs in mediating the Wnt cascade and its effect on osteoblast differentiation. Understanding the regulatory role of these ncRNAs would serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating bone-related disorders.