单分子力谱的发展:从高分子生物物理学到分子机器。

IF 7.2 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOPHYSICS
Carlos Bustamante, Shannon Yan
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引用次数: 3

摘要

单分子力谱的出现代表了力、扭矩和位移作为生物化学控制变量的引入。这些方法提供了对单个分子的直接操作,以询问将其结构结合在一起的力,这些分子在其生化反应过程中产生的力和扭矩,以及使用力,扭矩和位移作为研究这些反应机制的工具。由于它们的微观性质,在这些实验中检测到的信号经常受到波动的支配,而波动反过来又在细胞分子机器运作的机制中起着重要作用。它们在单分子实验中的直接观察和量化为研究这些机制提供了一个独特的窗口,也为研究统计力学的基本新涨落定理提供了一种方便的方法,这些涨落定理连接了该学科的平衡和非平衡领域。在这篇综述中,我们集中介绍了我们实验室在生物聚合物表征和中心法则分子机器方面的进展。因此,一些重要的领域,如细胞骨架马达的研究没有包括在内。虽然我们有时采用轶事的观点,希望传达这些发展发生的个人情况,但我们已经尽了一切努力,包括同时在其他实验室中发生的最重要的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The development of single molecule force spectroscopy: from polymer biophysics to molecular machines.

The advent of single-molecule force spectroscopy represents the introduction of forces, torques, and displacements as controlled variables in biochemistry. These methods afford the direct manipulation of individual molecules to interrogate the forces that hold together their structure, the forces and torques that these molecules generate in the course of their biochemical reactions, and the use of force, torque, and displacement as tools to investigate the mechanisms of these reactions. Because of their microscopic nature, the signals detected in these experiments are often dominated by fluctuations, which, in turn, play an important role in the mechanisms that underlie the operation of the molecular machines of the cell. Their direct observation and quantification in single-molecule experiments provide a unique window to investigate those mechanisms, as well as a convenient way to investigate fundamental new fluctuation theorems of statistical mechanics that bridge the equilibrium and non-equilibrium realms of this discipline. In this review we have concentrated on the developments that occurred in our laboratory on the characterization of biopolymers and of molecular machines of the central dogma. Accordingly, some important areas like the study of cytoskeletal motors have not been included. While we adopt at times an anecdotal perspective with the hope of conveying the personal circumstances in which these developments took place, we have made every effort, nonetheless, to include the most important developments that were taking place at the same time in other laboratories.

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来源期刊
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 生物-生物物理
CiteScore
12.90
自引率
1.60%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics covers the field of experimental and computational biophysics. Experimental biophysics span across different physics-based measurements such as optical microscopy, super-resolution imaging, electron microscopy, X-ray and neutron diffraction, spectroscopy, calorimetry, thermodynamics and their integrated uses. Computational biophysics includes theory, simulations, bioinformatics and system analysis. These biophysical methodologies are used to discover the structure, function and physiology of biological systems in varying complexities from cells, organelles, membranes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, molecular machines to molecules. The majority of reviews published are invited from authors who have made significant contributions to the field, who give critical, readable and sometimes controversial accounts of recent progress and problems in their specialty. The journal has long-standing, worldwide reputation, demonstrated by its high ranking in the ISI Science Citation Index, as a forum for general and specialized communication between biophysicists working in different areas. Thematic issues are occasionally published.
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