Md. Robiul Islam, Josie Welker, Abdus Salam and Elizabeth A. Stone*,
{"title":"塑料燃烧对美国和孟加拉国城乡大气细颗粒物的影响","authors":"Md. Robiul Islam, Josie Welker, Abdus Salam and Elizabeth A. Stone*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00054","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >To better understand the impact of plastic burning on atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), we evaluated two methods for the quantification of 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB), a molecular tracer of plastic burning. Compared to traditional solvent-extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) techniques, thermal-desorption (TD) GCMS provided higher throughput, lower limits of detection, more precise spike recoveries, a wider linear quantification range, and reduced solvent use. This method enabled quantification of TPB in fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) samples collected at rural and urban sites in the USA and Bangladesh. These analyses demonstrated a measurable impact of plastic burning at 5 of the 6 study locations, with the largest absolute and relative TPB concentrations occurring in Dhaka, Bangladesh, where plastic burning is expected to be a significant source of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Background-level contributions of plastic burning in the USA were estimated to be 0.004–0.03 μg m<sup>–3</sup> of PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass. Across the four sites in the USA, the lower estimate of plastic burning contributions to PM<sub>2.5</sub> ranged 0.04–0.8%, while the median estimate ranged 0.3–3% (save for Atlanta, Georgia, in the wintertime at 2–7%). The results demonstrate a consistent presence of plastic burning emissions in ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> across urban and rural sites in the USA, with a relatively small impact in comparison to other anthropogenic combustion sources in most cases. Much higher TPB concentrations were observed in Dhaka, with estimated plastic burning impacts on PM<sub>2.5</sub> ranging from a lower estimate of 0.3–1.8 μg m<sup>–3</sup> (0.6–2% of PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and the median estimate ranging 2–35 μg m<sup>–3</sup> (5–15% of PM<sub>2.5</sub>). The methodological advances and new measurements presented herein help to assess the air quality impacts of burning plastic more broadly.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7000,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9502013/pdf/","citationCount":"8","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Plastic Burning Impacts on Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter at Urban and Rural Sites in the USA and Bangladesh\",\"authors\":\"Md. Robiul Islam, Josie Welker, Abdus Salam and Elizabeth A. Stone*, \",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00054\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >To better understand the impact of plastic burning on atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), we evaluated two methods for the quantification of 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB), a molecular tracer of plastic burning. Compared to traditional solvent-extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) techniques, thermal-desorption (TD) GCMS provided higher throughput, lower limits of detection, more precise spike recoveries, a wider linear quantification range, and reduced solvent use. This method enabled quantification of TPB in fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) samples collected at rural and urban sites in the USA and Bangladesh. These analyses demonstrated a measurable impact of plastic burning at 5 of the 6 study locations, with the largest absolute and relative TPB concentrations occurring in Dhaka, Bangladesh, where plastic burning is expected to be a significant source of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Background-level contributions of plastic burning in the USA were estimated to be 0.004–0.03 μg m<sup>–3</sup> of PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass. Across the four sites in the USA, the lower estimate of plastic burning contributions to PM<sub>2.5</sub> ranged 0.04–0.8%, while the median estimate ranged 0.3–3% (save for Atlanta, Georgia, in the wintertime at 2–7%). The results demonstrate a consistent presence of plastic burning emissions in ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> across urban and rural sites in the USA, with a relatively small impact in comparison to other anthropogenic combustion sources in most cases. Much higher TPB concentrations were observed in Dhaka, with estimated plastic burning impacts on PM<sub>2.5</sub> ranging from a lower estimate of 0.3–1.8 μg m<sup>–3</sup> (0.6–2% of PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and the median estimate ranging 2–35 μg m<sup>–3</sup> (5–15% of PM<sub>2.5</sub>). The methodological advances and new measurements presented herein help to assess the air quality impacts of burning plastic more broadly.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":29801,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ACS Environmental Au\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-06-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9502013/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"8\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ACS Environmental Au\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00054\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Environmental Au","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00054","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastic Burning Impacts on Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter at Urban and Rural Sites in the USA and Bangladesh
To better understand the impact of plastic burning on atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5), we evaluated two methods for the quantification of 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB), a molecular tracer of plastic burning. Compared to traditional solvent-extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) techniques, thermal-desorption (TD) GCMS provided higher throughput, lower limits of detection, more precise spike recoveries, a wider linear quantification range, and reduced solvent use. This method enabled quantification of TPB in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples collected at rural and urban sites in the USA and Bangladesh. These analyses demonstrated a measurable impact of plastic burning at 5 of the 6 study locations, with the largest absolute and relative TPB concentrations occurring in Dhaka, Bangladesh, where plastic burning is expected to be a significant source of PM2.5. Background-level contributions of plastic burning in the USA were estimated to be 0.004–0.03 μg m–3 of PM2.5 mass. Across the four sites in the USA, the lower estimate of plastic burning contributions to PM2.5 ranged 0.04–0.8%, while the median estimate ranged 0.3–3% (save for Atlanta, Georgia, in the wintertime at 2–7%). The results demonstrate a consistent presence of plastic burning emissions in ambient PM2.5 across urban and rural sites in the USA, with a relatively small impact in comparison to other anthropogenic combustion sources in most cases. Much higher TPB concentrations were observed in Dhaka, with estimated plastic burning impacts on PM2.5 ranging from a lower estimate of 0.3–1.8 μg m–3 (0.6–2% of PM2.5) and the median estimate ranging 2–35 μg m–3 (5–15% of PM2.5). The methodological advances and new measurements presented herein help to assess the air quality impacts of burning plastic more broadly.
期刊介绍:
ACS Environmental Au is an open access journal which publishes experimental research and theoretical results in all aspects of environmental science and technology both pure and applied. Short letters comprehensive articles reviews and perspectives are welcome in the following areas:Alternative EnergyAnthropogenic Impacts on Atmosphere Soil or WaterBiogeochemical CyclingBiomass or Wastes as ResourcesContaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial EnvironmentsEnvironmental Data ScienceEcotoxicology and Public HealthEnergy and ClimateEnvironmental Modeling Processes and Measurement Methods and TechnologiesEnvironmental Nanotechnology and BiotechnologyGreen ChemistryGreen Manufacturing and EngineeringRisk assessment Regulatory Frameworks and Life-Cycle AssessmentsTreatment and Resource Recovery and Waste Management