{"title":"人类(智人)人格空间和类人猿系统发育中的支配地位。","authors":"Alexander Weiss","doi":"10.1037/com0000322","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unlike nonhuman primates, individual differences between humans in dominance do not appear as broad personality factors. This may be attributable to differences between the questionnaires used to study human and nonhuman primate personality. Alternatively, this may reflect differences in the organization of personality in humans and nonhuman primates. To determine which of these possibilities was most likely, 1,147 participants were recruited and asked to rate their personality and/or that of somebody else on the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire (HPQ), which has been used to study nonhuman primate personality. A large subset of these participants (~80%) also completed self- and/or rater reports of one of three questionnaires used to measure human personality. Exploratory factor analyses of HPQ rater report data yielded five factors. These factors correlated mostly in expected ways with scales from questionnaires used to study human personality. Exploratory factor analyses of HPQ self-report data yielded no clear number of factors and no consistent evidence with respect to the presence of a dominance factor. Subsequent analyses compared HPQ scales that represented dominance factors in chimpanzees, bonobos, mountain gorillas, and orangutans to scales derived from the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, including Fearless Dominance, which combined Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion facets, Emotional Stability (the inverse of Neuroticism), and Extraversion's Assertiveness facet. Fearless Dominance and Assertiveness were most like the great ape dominance factors. The absence of human dominance factors, therefore, appears to reflect present or past social conditions of our species. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Dominance in human (Homo sapiens) personality space and in hominoid phylogeny.\",\"authors\":\"Alexander Weiss\",\"doi\":\"10.1037/com0000322\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Unlike nonhuman primates, individual differences between humans in dominance do not appear as broad personality factors. This may be attributable to differences between the questionnaires used to study human and nonhuman primate personality. Alternatively, this may reflect differences in the organization of personality in humans and nonhuman primates. To determine which of these possibilities was most likely, 1,147 participants were recruited and asked to rate their personality and/or that of somebody else on the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire (HPQ), which has been used to study nonhuman primate personality. A large subset of these participants (~80%) also completed self- and/or rater reports of one of three questionnaires used to measure human personality. Exploratory factor analyses of HPQ rater report data yielded five factors. These factors correlated mostly in expected ways with scales from questionnaires used to study human personality. Exploratory factor analyses of HPQ self-report data yielded no clear number of factors and no consistent evidence with respect to the presence of a dominance factor. Subsequent analyses compared HPQ scales that represented dominance factors in chimpanzees, bonobos, mountain gorillas, and orangutans to scales derived from the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, including Fearless Dominance, which combined Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion facets, Emotional Stability (the inverse of Neuroticism), and Extraversion's Assertiveness facet. Fearless Dominance and Assertiveness were most like the great ape dominance factors. The absence of human dominance factors, therefore, appears to reflect present or past social conditions of our species. 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引用次数: 2
摘要
与非人类灵长类动物不同,人类在支配地位方面的个体差异并不表现为广泛的人格因素。这可能是由于用于研究人类和非人类灵长类动物性格的问卷存在差异。或者,这可能反映了人类和非人类灵长类动物在人格组织上的差异。为了确定哪一种可能性最大,研究人员招募了1147名参与者,并要求他们在类人猿人格问卷(HPQ)上对自己和/或其他人的人格进行打分,该问卷已被用于研究非人类灵长类动物的人格。这些参与者中的很大一部分(约80%)还完成了用于测量人类性格的三份问卷中的一份自我和/或评分报告。对HPQ评分报告数据进行探索性因素分析,得出五个因素。这些因素与用于研究人类个性的问卷中的尺度主要以预期的方式相关。对HPQ自述数据的探索性因素分析没有得出明确的因素数量,也没有一致的证据表明存在优势因素。随后的分析将代表黑猩猩、倭黑猩猩、山地大猩猩和猩猩的优势因素的HPQ量表与来自修订NEO人格量表的量表进行了比较,其中包括无畏的优势,它结合了神经质、随和性、尽责性和外向性方面、情绪稳定性(与神经质相反)和外向性的自信方面。无所畏惧的优势和自信最接近类人猿的优势因素。因此,人类主导因素的缺失似乎反映了我们这个物种现在或过去的社会状况。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA,版权所有)。
Dominance in human (Homo sapiens) personality space and in hominoid phylogeny.
Unlike nonhuman primates, individual differences between humans in dominance do not appear as broad personality factors. This may be attributable to differences between the questionnaires used to study human and nonhuman primate personality. Alternatively, this may reflect differences in the organization of personality in humans and nonhuman primates. To determine which of these possibilities was most likely, 1,147 participants were recruited and asked to rate their personality and/or that of somebody else on the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire (HPQ), which has been used to study nonhuman primate personality. A large subset of these participants (~80%) also completed self- and/or rater reports of one of three questionnaires used to measure human personality. Exploratory factor analyses of HPQ rater report data yielded five factors. These factors correlated mostly in expected ways with scales from questionnaires used to study human personality. Exploratory factor analyses of HPQ self-report data yielded no clear number of factors and no consistent evidence with respect to the presence of a dominance factor. Subsequent analyses compared HPQ scales that represented dominance factors in chimpanzees, bonobos, mountain gorillas, and orangutans to scales derived from the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, including Fearless Dominance, which combined Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion facets, Emotional Stability (the inverse of Neuroticism), and Extraversion's Assertiveness facet. Fearless Dominance and Assertiveness were most like the great ape dominance factors. The absence of human dominance factors, therefore, appears to reflect present or past social conditions of our species. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Comparative Psychology publishes original research from a comparative perspective
on the behavior, cognition, perception, and social relationships of diverse species.