Network-guided neuromodulation for epilepsy: Unveiling the pathway to personalized therapy.

Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affects millions of individuals worldwide. Despite advancements in antiepileptic drugs and surgical interventions, a significant portion of patients continue to experience uncontrolled seizures, leading to a reduced quality of life. In recent years, the intersection of network neuroscience and neuromodulation has opened up promising avenues for personalized and targeted therapies for epilepsy. This editorial aims to synthesize and discuss the findings from multiple studies[1-4] that shed light on the role of specific brain regions in the epileptogenic network and their potential as neuromodulation targets. They have revealed that modulating specific brain regions within the epileptogenic network can yield therapeutic benefits for epilepsy patients. Multiple targets have been explored, including the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT), the hippocampus, the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the cerebellum, and others. Each of these regions has unique connections with cortical and subcortical structures, making them potential nodes for seizure propagation.