格雷琴-兰伯特(Gretchen Lambert):分类学家、探险家和 ascidian 社区历史学家。活跃时间:1968 年至今。

IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
genesis Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI:10.1002/dvg.23540
Marie L. Nydam
{"title":"格雷琴-兰伯特(Gretchen Lambert):分类学家、探险家和 ascidian 社区历史学家。活跃时间:1968 年至今。","authors":"Marie L. Nydam","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23540","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gretchen Lambert (nee Shapiro) was born in Duluth, Minnesota, USA in 1941, and spent a large portion of her childhood at a wilderness fly-in fishing and hunting resort in Ontario, Canada. Her interest in marine biology was ignited in the 1950s when she visited the Florida Keys with her father. Lambert earned her Bachelor of Arts from the University of Minnesota in Zoology in 1963 (<i>magna cum laude</i>). From 1964 to 1965, Lambert worked at the University of Miami Institute of Marine Science in Miami, Florida, USA. In 1965, she moved to the University of Washington to start her Master's Degree in Zoology, which she obtained in 1967. She worked with the influential marine ecologist Robert Paine. During her time at the University of Washington, she met Charles Lambert, who became her partner in life and research. Very early on, Charles convinced her of the experimental advantages of ascidians as research animals. From 1970 to 1998, she and Charles worked at California State University, Fullerton (CSUF). Gretchen was a lecturer, a museum coordinator, a laboratory coordinator for introductory biology, a research associate and a senior research associate. She and Charles worked closely together on ascidian ecology and development.</p><p>In 1998, she and Charles retired from CSUF and moved to Seattle, Washington, USA. After retirement, the couple continued their research unabated. For most of the 2000s, they spent every summer at the Friday Harbor Laboratories in Washington State, USA. During the spring, summer and fall they worked on manuscripts together. In the 2000s, Gretchen took on an increasing number of leadership positions at the Friday Harbor Laboratories. She co-organized the International Tunicata Meeting twice, and has participated several times in the International Invasive Sea Squirt Conference and the International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions. Lambert has also been an instrumental editor of WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species), which is the definitive species list for ascidians. Since 1975, she has written “Ascidian News” twice a year. “Ascidian News” provides the ascidian community with research updates, conference abstracts, and citations for new publications.</p><p>For the last 45 years, Lambert has been one of the world's most active ascidian taxonomists. She has done taxonomic consulting for the Coral Reef Research Foundation, the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, and fisheries departments in Australia, Canada, Singapore, and the United States. She has been on 21 taxonomic expeditions since 2003, focusing on the Eastern Pacific region but also in Guam, the Northeastern U.S., Florida, the Gulf Coast, the Caribbean, the English Channel and Singapore. Since 2001, she has organized and taught at least 25 workshops, training hundreds of researchers in ascidian taxonomy and identification. Lambert has closely mentored Jenn Dijkstra, a Research Associate Professor at the University of New Hampshire, and Lauren Stefaniak, an Assistant Professor at Coastal Carolina University.</p><p>Since 1968, Gretchen Lambert has published 82 articles and is still publishing. Her first article, from her Master's thesis, focused on the succession (change over time) of the species <i>Corella willmeriana</i> in the fouling community, including predation and interspecific competition (Lambert, <span>1968</span>). This was one of the early papers in the subsequently well-studied field of fouling ascidian ecology. After arriving at CSUF, one of Lambert's major research foci was the ultrastructure of spicule mineralization in several ascidian species including <i>Bathypera feminalba</i>, <i>Cystodytes lobatus</i>, <i>Herdmania momus</i>, and <i>Pyura pachydermatina</i> (Lambert, <span>1979</span>; Lambert, <span>1992</span>; Lambert, <span>1998</span>; Lambert &amp; Lambert, <span>1987</span>; Lambert &amp; Lambert, <span>1996</span>; Lambert &amp; Lambert, <span>1997</span>; Lambert, Lambert, &amp; Lowenstam, <span>1989</span>).</p><p>A second major research focus was regional ascidian biodiversity. Lambert wrote the Class Ascidiacea chapter of the Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel (Lambert, <span>1996</span>). She co-authored multiple Class Ascidiacea chapters of The Light and Smith's Manual of Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon, updated most recently in 2007 (Abbott, Lambert, Lambert, &amp; Newberry, <span>2007</span>). She also co-authored, with Charles Lambert and Eugene Kozloff, the Phylum Urochordata chapter in Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest (Lambert, Lambert, &amp; Kozloff, <span>1996</span>). Finally, she edited a book series on the Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii (Abbott, Newberry, &amp; Morris, <span>1997</span>). Lambert's other research interests during her time at CSUF were ascidian life history (Lambert, Lambert, &amp; Lambert, <span>1995</span>), algal symbionts of ascidians (Lambert, Lambert, &amp; Waaland, <span>1996</span>), and phylogenetic implications of morphological characters such as tunic cuticular protrusions (Hirose, Lambert, Kusakabe, &amp; Nishikawa, <span>1997</span>).</p><p>In the mid-1990s, the Lamberts started to systematically track the non-native ascidian species in harbors and marinas in southern California. They visited over 30 marinas in the fall and spring each year from 1994 to 1998, and noted the abundance of each species. These surveys provided a critical baseline for future studies of non-native ascidians in the area, as well as valuable information about salinity and temperature tolerances in these species (Lambert &amp; Lambert, <span>1998</span>; Lambert &amp; Lambert, <span>2003</span>).</p><p>Since 2000, Lambert has focused much of her attention on the spread of nonindigenous ascidian species across the globe, identifying <i>Corella eumyota</i> in France (Lambert, <span>2004</span>), <i>Perophora japonica</i> in California (Lambert, <span>2005</span>), <i>Molgula ficus</i> in California (Lambert, <span>2007</span>), <i>Molgula citrina</i> in Alaska (Lambert, Shenkar, &amp; Swalla, <span>2010</span>), <i>Botrylloides giganteus</i> in the Mediterranean and Pacific (Rocha et al., <span>2019</span>), and <i>Ascidiella aspersa</i> in California (Nydam, Nichols, &amp; Lambert, <span>2022</span>). Lambert led the global collaborative effort to identify the rapidly spreading ascidian <i>Didemnum vexillum</i> (Bullard et al., <span>2007</span>; Griffith et al., <span>2009</span>; Lambert, <span>2009</span>; Stefaniak et al., <span>2009</span>; Tagliapietra, Keppel, Sigovini, &amp; Lambert, <span>2012</span>). She also participated in numerous rapid assessment surveys of harbors and marinas in Hawaii (Godwin &amp; Lambert, <span>2000</span>), Guam (Lambert, <span>2003a</span>, <span>2003b</span>) (Figure 1), the Gulf of Mexico (Lambert, Faulkes, Lambert, &amp; Scofield, <span>2005</span>), England (Arenas et al., <span>2006</span>), Panama (Carman et al., <span>2011</span>), Singapore (Lee, Teo, &amp; Lambert, <span>2013</span>), North Carolina (Villalobos, Lambert, Shenkar, &amp; López-Legentil, <span>2017</span>), the Galapagos (Lambert, <span>2019a</span>, <span>2019b</span>), the Madeira Archipelago (Ramalhosa, Gestoso, Rocha, Lambert, &amp; Canning-Clode, <span>2021</span>), and Puerto Rico (Streit, Lambert, Erwin, &amp; López-Legentil, <span>2021</span>). She also cataloged the native biodiversity in Alaska (Lambert &amp; Sanamyan, <span>2001</span>), British Columbia (Lambert, <span>2019a</span>, <span>2019b</span>) and Singapore (Lambert, Lee, &amp; Teo, <span>2021</span>; Lee, Chan, Teo, &amp; Lambert, <span>2016</span>).</p><p>Lambert has described four new ascidian species. From the Pacific Ocean, <i>Trididemnum alexi</i> that she named for her grandson (Lambert, <span>2003a</span>, <span>2003b</span>), <i>Eudistoma purpuropunctatum</i> (Lambert, <span>1989</span>), and <i>Distaplia alaskensis</i> (Lambert &amp; Sanamyan, <span>2001</span>). From the Red Sea, she described <i>Boltenia yossiloya</i> (Shenkar &amp; Lambert, <span>2010</span>). In addition, Lambert has been honored by other researchers, who have named three species after her: <i>Ascidia lambertae</i> from the Pacific (Monniot, <span>2007</span>), <i>Corynascidia lambertae</i> from the Weddell Sea in Antarctica (Sanamyan &amp; Sanamyan, <span>2002</span>), and <i>Didemnum lambertae</i> from the Atlantic (Rocha, Neves, &amp; Gamba, <span>2015</span>). The Lamberts were honored together in the name <i>Botryllus lambertorum</i> from the Caribbean (Palomino-Alvarez, Nydam, Rocha, &amp; Simões, <span>2022</span>).</p><p>Lambert's (1997) paper on tunic cuticular protrusions (Hirose et al., <span>1997</span>), co-authored with Euichi Hirose, Takehiro Kusakabe, and Teruaki Nishikawa, received the Paper of the Year Award by the Japanese Society of Zoologists. In 2017, she received the Tunicate Award for Lifetime Achievement at the 9th International Tunicate Meeting in New York City.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23540","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Gretchen Lambert: taxonomist, explorer, and historian of the ascidian community. Active: 1968-present\",\"authors\":\"Marie L. Nydam\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/dvg.23540\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Gretchen Lambert (nee Shapiro) was born in Duluth, Minnesota, USA in 1941, and spent a large portion of her childhood at a wilderness fly-in fishing and hunting resort in Ontario, Canada. Her interest in marine biology was ignited in the 1950s when she visited the Florida Keys with her father. Lambert earned her Bachelor of Arts from the University of Minnesota in Zoology in 1963 (<i>magna cum laude</i>). From 1964 to 1965, Lambert worked at the University of Miami Institute of Marine Science in Miami, Florida, USA. In 1965, she moved to the University of Washington to start her Master's Degree in Zoology, which she obtained in 1967. She worked with the influential marine ecologist Robert Paine. During her time at the University of Washington, she met Charles Lambert, who became her partner in life and research. Very early on, Charles convinced her of the experimental advantages of ascidians as research animals. From 1970 to 1998, she and Charles worked at California State University, Fullerton (CSUF). Gretchen was a lecturer, a museum coordinator, a laboratory coordinator for introductory biology, a research associate and a senior research associate. She and Charles worked closely together on ascidian ecology and development.</p><p>In 1998, she and Charles retired from CSUF and moved to Seattle, Washington, USA. After retirement, the couple continued their research unabated. For most of the 2000s, they spent every summer at the Friday Harbor Laboratories in Washington State, USA. During the spring, summer and fall they worked on manuscripts together. In the 2000s, Gretchen took on an increasing number of leadership positions at the Friday Harbor Laboratories. She co-organized the International Tunicata Meeting twice, and has participated several times in the International Invasive Sea Squirt Conference and the International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions. Lambert has also been an instrumental editor of WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species), which is the definitive species list for ascidians. Since 1975, she has written “Ascidian News” twice a year. “Ascidian News” provides the ascidian community with research updates, conference abstracts, and citations for new publications.</p><p>For the last 45 years, Lambert has been one of the world's most active ascidian taxonomists. She has done taxonomic consulting for the Coral Reef Research Foundation, the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, and fisheries departments in Australia, Canada, Singapore, and the United States. She has been on 21 taxonomic expeditions since 2003, focusing on the Eastern Pacific region but also in Guam, the Northeastern U.S., Florida, the Gulf Coast, the Caribbean, the English Channel and Singapore. Since 2001, she has organized and taught at least 25 workshops, training hundreds of researchers in ascidian taxonomy and identification. Lambert has closely mentored Jenn Dijkstra, a Research Associate Professor at the University of New Hampshire, and Lauren Stefaniak, an Assistant Professor at Coastal Carolina University.</p><p>Since 1968, Gretchen Lambert has published 82 articles and is still publishing. Her first article, from her Master's thesis, focused on the succession (change over time) of the species <i>Corella willmeriana</i> in the fouling community, including predation and interspecific competition (Lambert, <span>1968</span>). This was one of the early papers in the subsequently well-studied field of fouling ascidian ecology. After arriving at CSUF, one of Lambert's major research foci was the ultrastructure of spicule mineralization in several ascidian species including <i>Bathypera feminalba</i>, <i>Cystodytes lobatus</i>, <i>Herdmania momus</i>, and <i>Pyura pachydermatina</i> (Lambert, <span>1979</span>; Lambert, <span>1992</span>; Lambert, <span>1998</span>; Lambert &amp; Lambert, <span>1987</span>; Lambert &amp; Lambert, <span>1996</span>; Lambert &amp; Lambert, <span>1997</span>; Lambert, Lambert, &amp; Lowenstam, <span>1989</span>).</p><p>A second major research focus was regional ascidian biodiversity. Lambert wrote the Class Ascidiacea chapter of the Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel (Lambert, <span>1996</span>). She co-authored multiple Class Ascidiacea chapters of The Light and Smith's Manual of Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon, updated most recently in 2007 (Abbott, Lambert, Lambert, &amp; Newberry, <span>2007</span>). She also co-authored, with Charles Lambert and Eugene Kozloff, the Phylum Urochordata chapter in Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest (Lambert, Lambert, &amp; Kozloff, <span>1996</span>). Finally, she edited a book series on the Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii (Abbott, Newberry, &amp; Morris, <span>1997</span>). Lambert's other research interests during her time at CSUF were ascidian life history (Lambert, Lambert, &amp; Lambert, <span>1995</span>), algal symbionts of ascidians (Lambert, Lambert, &amp; Waaland, <span>1996</span>), and phylogenetic implications of morphological characters such as tunic cuticular protrusions (Hirose, Lambert, Kusakabe, &amp; Nishikawa, <span>1997</span>).</p><p>In the mid-1990s, the Lamberts started to systematically track the non-native ascidian species in harbors and marinas in southern California. They visited over 30 marinas in the fall and spring each year from 1994 to 1998, and noted the abundance of each species. These surveys provided a critical baseline for future studies of non-native ascidians in the area, as well as valuable information about salinity and temperature tolerances in these species (Lambert &amp; Lambert, <span>1998</span>; Lambert &amp; Lambert, <span>2003</span>).</p><p>Since 2000, Lambert has focused much of her attention on the spread of nonindigenous ascidian species across the globe, identifying <i>Corella eumyota</i> in France (Lambert, <span>2004</span>), <i>Perophora japonica</i> in California (Lambert, <span>2005</span>), <i>Molgula ficus</i> in California (Lambert, <span>2007</span>), <i>Molgula citrina</i> in Alaska (Lambert, Shenkar, &amp; Swalla, <span>2010</span>), <i>Botrylloides giganteus</i> in the Mediterranean and Pacific (Rocha et al., <span>2019</span>), and <i>Ascidiella aspersa</i> in California (Nydam, Nichols, &amp; Lambert, <span>2022</span>). Lambert led the global collaborative effort to identify the rapidly spreading ascidian <i>Didemnum vexillum</i> (Bullard et al., <span>2007</span>; Griffith et al., <span>2009</span>; Lambert, <span>2009</span>; Stefaniak et al., <span>2009</span>; Tagliapietra, Keppel, Sigovini, &amp; Lambert, <span>2012</span>). She also participated in numerous rapid assessment surveys of harbors and marinas in Hawaii (Godwin &amp; Lambert, <span>2000</span>), Guam (Lambert, <span>2003a</span>, <span>2003b</span>) (Figure 1), the Gulf of Mexico (Lambert, Faulkes, Lambert, &amp; Scofield, <span>2005</span>), England (Arenas et al., <span>2006</span>), Panama (Carman et al., <span>2011</span>), Singapore (Lee, Teo, &amp; Lambert, <span>2013</span>), North Carolina (Villalobos, Lambert, Shenkar, &amp; López-Legentil, <span>2017</span>), the Galapagos (Lambert, <span>2019a</span>, <span>2019b</span>), the Madeira Archipelago (Ramalhosa, Gestoso, Rocha, Lambert, &amp; Canning-Clode, <span>2021</span>), and Puerto Rico (Streit, Lambert, Erwin, &amp; López-Legentil, <span>2021</span>). She also cataloged the native biodiversity in Alaska (Lambert &amp; Sanamyan, <span>2001</span>), British Columbia (Lambert, <span>2019a</span>, <span>2019b</span>) and Singapore (Lambert, Lee, &amp; Teo, <span>2021</span>; Lee, Chan, Teo, &amp; Lambert, <span>2016</span>).</p><p>Lambert has described four new ascidian species. From the Pacific Ocean, <i>Trididemnum alexi</i> that she named for her grandson (Lambert, <span>2003a</span>, <span>2003b</span>), <i>Eudistoma purpuropunctatum</i> (Lambert, <span>1989</span>), and <i>Distaplia alaskensis</i> (Lambert &amp; Sanamyan, <span>2001</span>). From the Red Sea, she described <i>Boltenia yossiloya</i> (Shenkar &amp; Lambert, <span>2010</span>). In addition, Lambert has been honored by other researchers, who have named three species after her: <i>Ascidia lambertae</i> from the Pacific (Monniot, <span>2007</span>), <i>Corynascidia lambertae</i> from the Weddell Sea in Antarctica (Sanamyan &amp; Sanamyan, <span>2002</span>), and <i>Didemnum lambertae</i> from the Atlantic (Rocha, Neves, &amp; Gamba, <span>2015</span>). The Lamberts were honored together in the name <i>Botryllus lambertorum</i> from the Caribbean (Palomino-Alvarez, Nydam, Rocha, &amp; Simões, <span>2022</span>).</p><p>Lambert's (1997) paper on tunic cuticular protrusions (Hirose et al., <span>1997</span>), co-authored with Euichi Hirose, Takehiro Kusakabe, and Teruaki Nishikawa, received the Paper of the Year Award by the Japanese Society of Zoologists. In 2017, she received the Tunicate Award for Lifetime Achievement at the 9th International Tunicate Meeting in New York City.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12718,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"genesis\",\"volume\":\"61 6\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-08-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23540\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"genesis\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvg.23540\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"genesis","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvg.23540","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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格雷琴·兰伯特(本名夏皮罗)1941年出生于美国明尼苏达州德卢斯,童年的大部分时间都是在加拿大安大略省的一个野外飞钓和狩猎胜地度过的。20世纪50年代,当她和父亲一起参观佛罗里达群岛时,她对海洋生物学的兴趣被点燃了。兰伯特于1963年以优异成绩获得明尼苏达大学动物学文学学士学位。1964年至1965年,兰伯特在美国佛罗里达州迈阿密的迈阿密大学海洋科学研究所工作。1965年,她来到华盛顿大学攻读动物学硕士学位,并于1967年获得学位。她与有影响力的海洋生态学家罗伯特·潘恩一起工作。在华盛顿大学读书期间,她遇到了查尔斯·兰伯特(Charles Lambert),他成为了她的生活和研究伙伴。很早就,查尔斯让她相信海asciard作为研究动物的实验优势。1970年至1998年,她和查尔斯在加州州立大学富勒顿分校(CSUF)工作。格雷琴曾担任讲师、博物馆协调员、入门生物学实验室协调员、研究助理和高级研究助理。她和查尔斯在海鞘生态和发展方面密切合作。1998年,她和查尔斯从加州大学旧金山分校退休,搬到了美国华盛顿州的西雅图。退休后,这对夫妇继续他们的研究。在2000年代的大部分时间里,他们每年夏天都在美国华盛顿州的星期五港实验室度过。在春天、夏天和秋天,他们一起写手稿。在21世纪初,格雷琴在星期五港实验室担任了越来越多的领导职务。两次协办国际土尼卡塔会议,多次参加国际入侵海鞘会议、国际海洋生物入侵会议。兰伯特也是《世界海洋物种名录》(World Register of Marine Species)的重要编辑,《世界海洋物种名录》是海鞘的权威物种名录。从1975年开始,她每年撰写两次《海文新闻》。“Ascidian News”为Ascidian社区提供研究更新、会议摘要和新出版物的引文。在过去的45年里,兰伯特一直是世界上最活跃的海鞘分类学家之一。她曾为珊瑚礁研究基金会、史密森尼环境研究中心以及澳大利亚、加拿大、新加坡和美国的渔业部门做过分类咨询。自2003年以来,她已经进行了21次分类探险,主要集中在东太平洋地区,但也在关岛、美国东北部、佛罗里达、墨西哥湾沿岸、加勒比海、英吉利海峡和新加坡。自2001年以来,她组织并教授了至少25个研讨会,培训了数百名海鞘分类和鉴定研究人员。兰伯特曾密切指导新罕布什尔大学的研究副教授詹·迪杰斯特拉和卡罗莱纳海岸大学的助理教授劳伦·斯特凡尼亚克。自1968年以来,格雷琴·兰伯特已经发表了82篇文章,并仍在继续发表。她的第一篇论文是硕士论文,主要研究了污染群落中Corella willmeriana物种的演替(随时间的变化),包括捕食和种间竞争(Lambert, 1968)。这是后来被广泛研究的海鞘污染生态学领域的早期论文之一。Lambert来到CSUF后,主要研究重点之一是雌性海鞘(Bathypera feminalba)、叶囊藻(Cystodytes lobatus)、多囊海鞘(Herdmania momus)和厚皮海鞘(Pyura pachydermatina)等几种海鞘物种针状矿化的超微结构(Lambert, 1979;兰伯特,1992;兰伯特,1998;兰伯特,兰伯特,1987;兰伯特,兰伯特,1996;兰伯特,兰伯特,1997;兰伯特,兰伯特,&;Lowenstam, 1989)。第二个主要研究重点是区域海鞘生物多样性。Lambert撰写了《圣玛丽亚盆地和西圣巴巴拉海峡底栖动物分类图集》中的海鞘类章节(Lambert, 1996)。她与人合著了《光》和《史密斯从加利福尼亚中部到俄勒冈的潮间带无脊椎动物手册》的多个章节,最近一次更新是在2007年(Abbott, Lambert, Lambert, &amp;Newberry, 2007)。她还与查尔斯·兰伯特和尤金·科兹洛夫共同撰写了《太平洋西北部海洋无脊椎动物》中尾脊索动物门一章(兰伯特,兰伯特,&;Kozloff, 1996)。最后,她编辑了一本关于夏威夷珊瑚礁和海岸动物的丛书(Abbott, Newberry, &amp;莫里斯,1997)。Lambert在CSUF期间的其他研究兴趣是海鞘生命史(Lambert, Lambert, &amp;Lambert, 1995),海鞘的共生藻类(Lambert, Lambert, &amp;Waaland, 1996),以及外衣角质层突出等形态特征的系统发育意义(Hirose, Lambert, Kusakabe, &amp;Nishikawa, 1997)。 在20世纪90年代中期,兰伯特夫妇开始系统地追踪南加州港口和码头的非本地海鞘物种。从1994年到1998年,他们在每年的秋季和春季访问了30多个码头,并记录了每个物种的丰富程度。这些调查为该地区非本地海鞘的未来研究提供了关键的基线,以及这些物种对盐度和温度耐受性的有价值的信息(Lambert &amp;兰伯特,1998;兰伯特,兰伯特,2003)。自2000年以来,Lambert将她的注意力集中在非本地海鞘物种在全球的传播上,发现了法国的Corella eumyota (Lambert, 2004),加利福尼亚的Perophora japonica (Lambert, 2005),加利福尼亚的Molgula ficus (Lambert, 2007),阿拉斯加的Molgula citrina (Lambert, Shenkar, &amp;Swalla, 2010年),地中海和太平洋的巨型瓶叶线虫(Rocha et al., 2019),以及加利福尼亚的海鞘(Nydam, Nichols, &amp;兰伯特,2022)。Lambert领导了全球合作努力,以确定迅速蔓延的海鞘Didemnum vexillum (Bullard等人,2007;Griffith et al., 2009;兰伯特,2009;Stefaniak et al., 2009;Tagliapietra, Keppel, Sigovini, &amp;兰伯特,2012)。她还参与了许多对夏威夷港口和码头的快速评估调查(Godwin &amp;兰伯特,2000年),关岛(兰伯特,2003a, 2003b)(图1),墨西哥湾(兰伯特,Faulkes,兰伯特,&;Scofield, 2005),英国(Arenas et al., 2006),巴拿马(Carman et al., 2011),新加坡(Lee, Teo, &amp;兰伯特,2013),北卡罗来纳州(维拉洛沃斯,兰伯特,申卡尔,&;López-Legentil, 2017),加拉帕戈斯群岛(兰伯特,2019a, 2019b),马德拉群岛(拉马霍萨,盖斯托索,罗查,兰伯特,&amp;Canning-Clode, 2021)和波多黎各(Streit, Lambert, Erwin, &amp;Lopez-Legentil, 2021)。她还对阿拉斯加的本地生物多样性进行了编目(兰伯特&安培;Sanamyan, 2001),不列颠哥伦比亚省(Lambert, 2019a, 2019b)和新加坡(Lambert, Lee, &amp;张志贤,2021;Lee, Chan, Teo, &amp;兰伯特,2016)。兰伯特描述了四种新的海鞘物种。来自太平洋的有:她以孙子的名字命名的三足草(Lambert, 2003a, 2003b),紫花花(Lambert, 1989)和阿拉斯加花(Lambert &amp;Sanamyan, 2001)。从红海,她描述了Boltenia yossiloya (Shenkar &amp;兰伯特,2010)。此外,兰伯特还受到了其他研究人员的表彰,他们以她的名字命名了三个物种:太平洋的海鞘(Monniot, 2007),南极洲威德尔海的海鞘(Sanamyan &amp;Sanamyan, 2002),以及来自大西洋的龙柏(Didemnum lambertae, Rocha, Neves, &amp;大阪钢巴,2015)。兰伯特夫妇以来自加勒比海的Botryllus lambertorum (Palomino-Alvarez, Nydam, Rocha, &amp;摄影记者,2022)。Lambert(1997)与Euichi Hirose, Takehiro Kusakabe和Teruaki Nishikawa共同撰写的关于外衣角质层突出的论文(Hirose et al., 1997)获得了日本动物学家协会颁发的年度论文奖。2017年,她在纽约市举行的第九届国际金枪鱼会议上获得了金枪鱼终身成就奖。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Gretchen Lambert: taxonomist, explorer, and historian of the ascidian community. Active: 1968-present

Gretchen Lambert: taxonomist, explorer, and historian of the ascidian community. Active: 1968-present

Gretchen Lambert (nee Shapiro) was born in Duluth, Minnesota, USA in 1941, and spent a large portion of her childhood at a wilderness fly-in fishing and hunting resort in Ontario, Canada. Her interest in marine biology was ignited in the 1950s when she visited the Florida Keys with her father. Lambert earned her Bachelor of Arts from the University of Minnesota in Zoology in 1963 (magna cum laude). From 1964 to 1965, Lambert worked at the University of Miami Institute of Marine Science in Miami, Florida, USA. In 1965, she moved to the University of Washington to start her Master's Degree in Zoology, which she obtained in 1967. She worked with the influential marine ecologist Robert Paine. During her time at the University of Washington, she met Charles Lambert, who became her partner in life and research. Very early on, Charles convinced her of the experimental advantages of ascidians as research animals. From 1970 to 1998, she and Charles worked at California State University, Fullerton (CSUF). Gretchen was a lecturer, a museum coordinator, a laboratory coordinator for introductory biology, a research associate and a senior research associate. She and Charles worked closely together on ascidian ecology and development.

In 1998, she and Charles retired from CSUF and moved to Seattle, Washington, USA. After retirement, the couple continued their research unabated. For most of the 2000s, they spent every summer at the Friday Harbor Laboratories in Washington State, USA. During the spring, summer and fall they worked on manuscripts together. In the 2000s, Gretchen took on an increasing number of leadership positions at the Friday Harbor Laboratories. She co-organized the International Tunicata Meeting twice, and has participated several times in the International Invasive Sea Squirt Conference and the International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions. Lambert has also been an instrumental editor of WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species), which is the definitive species list for ascidians. Since 1975, she has written “Ascidian News” twice a year. “Ascidian News” provides the ascidian community with research updates, conference abstracts, and citations for new publications.

For the last 45 years, Lambert has been one of the world's most active ascidian taxonomists. She has done taxonomic consulting for the Coral Reef Research Foundation, the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, and fisheries departments in Australia, Canada, Singapore, and the United States. She has been on 21 taxonomic expeditions since 2003, focusing on the Eastern Pacific region but also in Guam, the Northeastern U.S., Florida, the Gulf Coast, the Caribbean, the English Channel and Singapore. Since 2001, she has organized and taught at least 25 workshops, training hundreds of researchers in ascidian taxonomy and identification. Lambert has closely mentored Jenn Dijkstra, a Research Associate Professor at the University of New Hampshire, and Lauren Stefaniak, an Assistant Professor at Coastal Carolina University.

Since 1968, Gretchen Lambert has published 82 articles and is still publishing. Her first article, from her Master's thesis, focused on the succession (change over time) of the species Corella willmeriana in the fouling community, including predation and interspecific competition (Lambert, 1968). This was one of the early papers in the subsequently well-studied field of fouling ascidian ecology. After arriving at CSUF, one of Lambert's major research foci was the ultrastructure of spicule mineralization in several ascidian species including Bathypera feminalba, Cystodytes lobatus, Herdmania momus, and Pyura pachydermatina (Lambert, 1979; Lambert, 1992; Lambert, 1998; Lambert & Lambert, 1987; Lambert & Lambert, 1996; Lambert & Lambert, 1997; Lambert, Lambert, & Lowenstam, 1989).

A second major research focus was regional ascidian biodiversity. Lambert wrote the Class Ascidiacea chapter of the Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel (Lambert, 1996). She co-authored multiple Class Ascidiacea chapters of The Light and Smith's Manual of Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon, updated most recently in 2007 (Abbott, Lambert, Lambert, & Newberry, 2007). She also co-authored, with Charles Lambert and Eugene Kozloff, the Phylum Urochordata chapter in Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest (Lambert, Lambert, & Kozloff, 1996). Finally, she edited a book series on the Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii (Abbott, Newberry, & Morris, 1997). Lambert's other research interests during her time at CSUF were ascidian life history (Lambert, Lambert, & Lambert, 1995), algal symbionts of ascidians (Lambert, Lambert, & Waaland, 1996), and phylogenetic implications of morphological characters such as tunic cuticular protrusions (Hirose, Lambert, Kusakabe, & Nishikawa, 1997).

In the mid-1990s, the Lamberts started to systematically track the non-native ascidian species in harbors and marinas in southern California. They visited over 30 marinas in the fall and spring each year from 1994 to 1998, and noted the abundance of each species. These surveys provided a critical baseline for future studies of non-native ascidians in the area, as well as valuable information about salinity and temperature tolerances in these species (Lambert & Lambert, 1998; Lambert & Lambert, 2003).

Since 2000, Lambert has focused much of her attention on the spread of nonindigenous ascidian species across the globe, identifying Corella eumyota in France (Lambert, 2004), Perophora japonica in California (Lambert, 2005), Molgula ficus in California (Lambert, 2007), Molgula citrina in Alaska (Lambert, Shenkar, & Swalla, 2010), Botrylloides giganteus in the Mediterranean and Pacific (Rocha et al., 2019), and Ascidiella aspersa in California (Nydam, Nichols, & Lambert, 2022). Lambert led the global collaborative effort to identify the rapidly spreading ascidian Didemnum vexillum (Bullard et al., 2007; Griffith et al., 2009; Lambert, 2009; Stefaniak et al., 2009; Tagliapietra, Keppel, Sigovini, & Lambert, 2012). She also participated in numerous rapid assessment surveys of harbors and marinas in Hawaii (Godwin & Lambert, 2000), Guam (Lambert, 2003a, 2003b) (Figure 1), the Gulf of Mexico (Lambert, Faulkes, Lambert, & Scofield, 2005), England (Arenas et al., 2006), Panama (Carman et al., 2011), Singapore (Lee, Teo, & Lambert, 2013), North Carolina (Villalobos, Lambert, Shenkar, & López-Legentil, 2017), the Galapagos (Lambert, 2019a, 2019b), the Madeira Archipelago (Ramalhosa, Gestoso, Rocha, Lambert, & Canning-Clode, 2021), and Puerto Rico (Streit, Lambert, Erwin, & López-Legentil, 2021). She also cataloged the native biodiversity in Alaska (Lambert & Sanamyan, 2001), British Columbia (Lambert, 2019a, 2019b) and Singapore (Lambert, Lee, & Teo, 2021; Lee, Chan, Teo, & Lambert, 2016).

Lambert has described four new ascidian species. From the Pacific Ocean, Trididemnum alexi that she named for her grandson (Lambert, 2003a, 2003b), Eudistoma purpuropunctatum (Lambert, 1989), and Distaplia alaskensis (Lambert & Sanamyan, 2001). From the Red Sea, she described Boltenia yossiloya (Shenkar & Lambert, 2010). In addition, Lambert has been honored by other researchers, who have named three species after her: Ascidia lambertae from the Pacific (Monniot, 2007), Corynascidia lambertae from the Weddell Sea in Antarctica (Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2002), and Didemnum lambertae from the Atlantic (Rocha, Neves, & Gamba, 2015). The Lamberts were honored together in the name Botryllus lambertorum from the Caribbean (Palomino-Alvarez, Nydam, Rocha, & Simões, 2022).

Lambert's (1997) paper on tunic cuticular protrusions (Hirose et al., 1997), co-authored with Euichi Hirose, Takehiro Kusakabe, and Teruaki Nishikawa, received the Paper of the Year Award by the Japanese Society of Zoologists. In 2017, she received the Tunicate Award for Lifetime Achievement at the 9th International Tunicate Meeting in New York City.

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来源期刊
genesis
genesis 生物-发育生物学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
40
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: As of January 2000, Developmental Genetics was renamed and relaunched as genesis: The Journal of Genetics and Development, with a new scope and Editorial Board. The journal focuses on work that addresses the genetics of development and the fundamental mechanisms of embryological processes in animals and plants. With increased awareness of the interplay between genetics and evolutionary change, particularly during developmental processes, we encourage submission of manuscripts from all ecological niches. The expanded numbers of genomes for which sequencing is being completed will facilitate genetic and genomic examination of developmental issues, even if the model system does not fit the “classical genetic” mold. Therefore, we encourage submission of manuscripts from all species. Other areas of particular interest include: 1) the roles of epigenetics, microRNAs and environment on developmental processes; 2) genome-wide studies; 3) novel imaging techniques for the study of gene expression and cellular function; 4) comparative genetics and genomics and 5) animal models of human genetic and developmental disorders. genesis presents reviews, full research articles, short research letters, and state-of-the-art technology reports that promote an understanding of the function of genes and the roles they play in complex developmental processes.
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