Efficacy of hydrodilatation in frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: It is unclear whether hydrodilatation is beneficial in the management of frozen shoulder compared with other common conservative management modalities. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of hydrodilatation for the management of frozen shoulder.

Sources of data: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. An extensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central, Web of Science and CINAHL databases using multiple keyword combinations of 'shoulder', 'rotator', 'adhesive capsulitis', 'hydrodilatat*', 'distension' since inception of the databases to June 2023 was implemented.

Areas of agreement: Hydrodilatation leads to at least transient more marked improvements in shoulder disability and passive external rotation compared with intra-articular corticosteroid injections.

Areas of controversy: Hydrodilatation improves passive external rotation in the longer term. Moreover, hydrodilatation may be a preferable option over manipulation under anaesthesia, given its lower cost and better patient convenience.

Growing points: Intensive mobilization after hydrodilatation is a promising adjuvant treatment option for patients suffering from a frozen shoulder.

Areas timely for developing research: Although current evidence suggests that hydrodilatation provides a transient improvement in disability in patients with frozen shoulder, its clinical relevance remains unclear. Further research is necessary to establish its role in the management of the condition.