1-人类的背部强化符号匹配:他们是如何学习的?

IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-03 DOI:10.3758/s13420-022-00558-w
Thomas R Zentall, Peyton M Mueller, Daniel N Peng
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引用次数: 1

摘要

对于人类来说,内隐学习和外显学习是有区别的。内隐学习被认为涉及巴甫洛夫条件反射中所涉及的那种自动过程,而外显学习被认为包括有意识的假设检验和规则形成,其中受试者对规则的陈述被视为外显学习的证据。已经使用了各种方法来确定非语言动物是否能够明确地学习一项任务,其中包括单背强化任务,在该任务中,只有在完成以下试验后,才能提供当前条件歧视试验的表现反馈。我们提出,不是生物体是否能学习任务,而是它们是否快速学习,全部或全部不学习,才能更好地区分这两种学习。我们让人类学习了一种符号匹配的单背强化任务。几乎一半的受试者没有学会这项任务,而在那些学会的人中,没有一个人描述了一背规则。因此,可以在不学习1-back规则的情况下学习该任务。此外,人类的后向学习功能与鸽子的不同。学习该任务的人类受试者要么全部完成,要么全部不完成,这表明他们进行了显性学习。在早期对鸽子的研究中,它们也表现出了对这项任务的显著学习;然而,后向学习函数表明,他们在几次训练中逐渐做到了这一点,并且其渐近精度低于人类,这一结果表明他们参与了内隐学习。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

1-Back reinforcement symbolic-matching by humans: How do they learn it?

1-Back reinforcement symbolic-matching by humans: How do they learn it?

For humans, a distinction has been made between implicit and explicit learning. Implicit learning is thought to involve automatic processes of the kind involved in much Pavlovian conditioning, while explicit learning is thought to involve conscious hypothesis testing and rule formation, in which the subject's statement of the rule has been taken as evidence of explicit learning. Various methods have been used to determine if nonverbal animals are able to learn a task explicitly - among these is the 1-back reinforcement task in which feedback from performance on the current conditional discrimination trial is provided only after completion of the following trial. We propose that it is not whether an organism can learn the task, but whether they learn it rapidly, all-or-none, that provides a better distinction between the two kinds of learning. We had humans learn a symbolic matching, 1-back reinforcement task. Almost half of the subjects failed to learn the task, and of those who did, none described the 1-back rule. Thus, it is possible to learn this task without learning the 1-back rule. Furthermore, the backward learning functions for humans differ from those of pigeons. Human subjects who learned the task did so all-or-none, suggesting explicit learning. In earlier research with pigeons, they too showed significant learning of this task; however, backward learning functions suggested that they did so gradually over the course of several sessions of training and to a lower level of asymptotic accuracy than the humans, a result suggesting implicit learning was involved.

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来源期刊
Learning & Behavior
Learning & Behavior 医学-动物学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
5.60%
发文量
50
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Learning & Behavior publishes experimental and theoretical contributions and critical reviews concerning fundamental processes of learning and behavior in nonhuman and human animals. Topics covered include sensation, perception, conditioning, learning, attention, memory, motivation, emotion, development, social behavior, and comparative investigations.
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