Mateusz Borowiecki, Tessa R D van Deelen, Bas van den Putte, Anton E Kunst, Mirte A G Kuipers
{"title":"荷兰禁止烟草展示、广告和自动售货机:对烟草可见度和零售商合规的影响。","authors":"Mateusz Borowiecki, Tessa R D van Deelen, Bas van den Putte, Anton E Kunst, Mirte A G Kuipers","doi":"10.1136/tc-2023-058045","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Visibility of tobacco products at retail tobacco outlets is associated with smoking initiation. To address this, across 2020-2022 the Netherlands banned tobacco product displays, advertisements and vending machines in the retail environment. Tobacco/vape specialist shops were exempted. This study assessed the impact of these policies on tobacco visibility in the retail environment and retailer compliance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted observational audits of all tobacco outlets in four Dutch cities (Amsterdam, Haarlem, Eindhoven and Zwolle) between 2019 and 2022 (before and after policy implementation), assessing visibility of tobacco products and advertisements, compliance and remaining sources of tobacco visibility (after implementation). We described results by location and outlet type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of tobacco outlets with any tobacco advertising or product visibility declined from 530 to 267 (-50%). Among outlets not exempt from the ban, the number with visibility declined from 449 to 172 (-62%), with lower postban visibility in petrol stations (12%) and supermarkets (6%) than small shops (47%). Visibility among tobacco/vape shops increased by 17%. Tobacco product displays remained the main source of visibility. 93% of tobacco vending machines were removed. Maps showed that non-compliance is concentrated in Amsterdam's city centre and more evenly distributed in other cities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The bans on tobacco display and tobacco advertising halved the visibility of tobacco in the retail environment, and the vending machine ban practically eradicated vending machines. To further reduce tobacco visibility, violations in small shops should be addressed and tobacco visibility should be regulated in currently exempt tobacco specialist shops.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":"78-84"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Bans on tobacco display, advertising and vending machines in the Netherlands: impact on visibility of tobacco and compliance of retailers.\",\"authors\":\"Mateusz Borowiecki, Tessa R D van Deelen, Bas van den Putte, Anton E Kunst, Mirte A G Kuipers\",\"doi\":\"10.1136/tc-2023-058045\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Visibility of tobacco products at retail tobacco outlets is associated with smoking initiation. To address this, across 2020-2022 the Netherlands banned tobacco product displays, advertisements and vending machines in the retail environment. Tobacco/vape specialist shops were exempted. This study assessed the impact of these policies on tobacco visibility in the retail environment and retailer compliance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted observational audits of all tobacco outlets in four Dutch cities (Amsterdam, Haarlem, Eindhoven and Zwolle) between 2019 and 2022 (before and after policy implementation), assessing visibility of tobacco products and advertisements, compliance and remaining sources of tobacco visibility (after implementation). We described results by location and outlet type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of tobacco outlets with any tobacco advertising or product visibility declined from 530 to 267 (-50%). Among outlets not exempt from the ban, the number with visibility declined from 449 to 172 (-62%), with lower postban visibility in petrol stations (12%) and supermarkets (6%) than small shops (47%). Visibility among tobacco/vape shops increased by 17%. Tobacco product displays remained the main source of visibility. 93% of tobacco vending machines were removed. Maps showed that non-compliance is concentrated in Amsterdam's city centre and more evenly distributed in other cities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The bans on tobacco display and tobacco advertising halved the visibility of tobacco in the retail environment, and the vending machine ban practically eradicated vending machines. To further reduce tobacco visibility, violations in small shops should be addressed and tobacco visibility should be regulated in currently exempt tobacco specialist shops.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23145,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Tobacco Control\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"78-84\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Tobacco Control\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2023-058045\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tobacco Control","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2023-058045","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
Bans on tobacco display, advertising and vending machines in the Netherlands: impact on visibility of tobacco and compliance of retailers.
Introduction: Visibility of tobacco products at retail tobacco outlets is associated with smoking initiation. To address this, across 2020-2022 the Netherlands banned tobacco product displays, advertisements and vending machines in the retail environment. Tobacco/vape specialist shops were exempted. This study assessed the impact of these policies on tobacco visibility in the retail environment and retailer compliance.
Methods: We conducted observational audits of all tobacco outlets in four Dutch cities (Amsterdam, Haarlem, Eindhoven and Zwolle) between 2019 and 2022 (before and after policy implementation), assessing visibility of tobacco products and advertisements, compliance and remaining sources of tobacco visibility (after implementation). We described results by location and outlet type.
Results: The number of tobacco outlets with any tobacco advertising or product visibility declined from 530 to 267 (-50%). Among outlets not exempt from the ban, the number with visibility declined from 449 to 172 (-62%), with lower postban visibility in petrol stations (12%) and supermarkets (6%) than small shops (47%). Visibility among tobacco/vape shops increased by 17%. Tobacco product displays remained the main source of visibility. 93% of tobacco vending machines were removed. Maps showed that non-compliance is concentrated in Amsterdam's city centre and more evenly distributed in other cities.
Conclusion: The bans on tobacco display and tobacco advertising halved the visibility of tobacco in the retail environment, and the vending machine ban practically eradicated vending machines. To further reduce tobacco visibility, violations in small shops should be addressed and tobacco visibility should be regulated in currently exempt tobacco specialist shops.
期刊介绍:
Tobacco Control is an international peer-reviewed journal covering the nature and consequences of tobacco use worldwide; tobacco''s effects on population health, the economy, the environment, and society; efforts to prevent and control the global tobacco epidemic through population-level education and policy changes; the ethical dimensions of tobacco control policies; and the activities of the tobacco industry and its allies.