Samuel David Jones, Hannah Jamieson Stewart, Gert Westermann
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These neural networks were built on top of biologically truthful inner ear models developed to model human cochlea function, which-in the key innovation of the present study-were scheduled to mature at different rates over time. Delaying cochlea maturation qualitatively replicated the linguistic behavior and neurophysiology of individuals with language learning difficulties in a number of ways, resulting in (a) delayed language acquisition profiles, (b) lower spoken word recognition accuracy, (c) word finding and retrieval difficulties, (d) \"fuzzy\" and intersecting speech encodings and signatures of immature neural optimization, and (e) emergent working memory and attentional deficits. 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In this study, we hypothesize that disruption to the maturation of the basilar membrane may impede the optimization of the auditory pathway from brainstem to cortex, curtailing high-resolution frequency sensitivity and the efficient spectral decomposition and encoding of natural speech. A series of computational simulations involving deep convolutional neural networks that were trained to encode, recognize, and retrieve naturalistic speech are presented to demonstrate the strength of this account. These neural networks were built on top of biologically truthful inner ear models developed to model human cochlea function, which-in the key innovation of the present study-were scheduled to mature at different rates over time. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
在患有发育性语言障碍(DLD)的儿童中,普遍存在听觉知觉缺陷。然而,这些缺陷的性质及其对言语和语言问题的解释程度仍存在争议。在这项研究中,我们假设基底膜的成熟受到干扰可能会阻碍从脑干到大脑皮层的听觉通路的优化,从而降低高分辨率频率灵敏度以及自然语音的有效频谱分解和编码。本文介绍了一系列涉及深度卷积神经网络的计算模拟,这些神经网络经过训练可以编码、识别和检索自然语音,从而证明了这一观点的正确性。这些神经网络建立在为模拟人类耳蜗功能而开发的符合生物学原理的内耳模型之上,而本研究的关键创新之处在于,这些内耳模型会随着时间的推移以不同的速度成熟。延迟耳蜗成熟在许多方面复制了语言学习障碍者的语言行为和神经生理学,导致(a)语言习得延迟,(b)口语单词识别准确率降低,(c)单词查找和检索困难,(d)"模糊 "和交叉的语音编码和不成熟的神经优化特征,以及(e)出现工作记忆和注意力缺陷。这些模拟说明了初级成熟频率辨别缺陷可能对早期语言发展产生的许多负面连带影响,并为今后研究语言学习困难儿童听觉处理缺陷的性质和代价提出了准确和可检验的假设。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
A maturational frequency discrimination deficit may explain developmental language disorder.
Auditory perceptual deficits are widely observed among children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Yet, the nature of these deficits and the extent to which they explain speech and language problems remain controversial. In this study, we hypothesize that disruption to the maturation of the basilar membrane may impede the optimization of the auditory pathway from brainstem to cortex, curtailing high-resolution frequency sensitivity and the efficient spectral decomposition and encoding of natural speech. A series of computational simulations involving deep convolutional neural networks that were trained to encode, recognize, and retrieve naturalistic speech are presented to demonstrate the strength of this account. These neural networks were built on top of biologically truthful inner ear models developed to model human cochlea function, which-in the key innovation of the present study-were scheduled to mature at different rates over time. Delaying cochlea maturation qualitatively replicated the linguistic behavior and neurophysiology of individuals with language learning difficulties in a number of ways, resulting in (a) delayed language acquisition profiles, (b) lower spoken word recognition accuracy, (c) word finding and retrieval difficulties, (d) "fuzzy" and intersecting speech encodings and signatures of immature neural optimization, and (e) emergent working memory and attentional deficits. These simulations illustrate many negative cascading effects that a primary maturational frequency discrimination deficit may have on early language development and generate precise and testable hypotheses for future research into the nature and cost of auditory processing deficits in children with language learning difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
期刊介绍:
Psychological Review publishes articles that make important theoretical contributions to any area of scientific psychology, including systematic evaluation of alternative theories.