让一个死去的女人怀孕?对安娜·斯马伊多思想实验的批判。

IF 1.1 3区 哲学 Q3 ETHICS
Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-22 DOI:10.1007/s11017-023-09642-2
Erwin J O Kompanje, Jelle L Epker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

哲学家、医学伦理学家Anna Smajdor在一篇发人深省的文章中——或者她自己是如何将其命名为“思想实验”的——分析了在脑死亡女性患者中进行全身妊娠捐赠(WBGD)的想法,作为无法或不愿自己怀孕的潜在女性的一种替代妊娠方式。我们对这一提议有着严重的法律、经济、医学和伦理方面的关切。首先,对八个月ICU治疗的同意决不能被认为是来自于对尸检器官捐赠的同意;这两者具有无与伦比的、完全不同的医学和伦理秩序。此外,脑死亡的女性在医学上很可能不适合高科技代孕,脑死亡状态对胚胎/胎儿发育不足的风险很高。其次,从稀缺性的角度来看,占用重症监护病房床位八个月似乎是不公平的。八个月的重症监护室治疗费用与为一名有生命、有选择、健康的女性代孕的费用相比太高了。如果能以低得多的价格雇佣一位在世的代孕母亲,保险公司和准父母都不会愿意为一位死去的女性支付这些异常高昂的费用。第三,患有WBGD的儿童受到伤害的风险增加。最后,WBGD有可能侵犯脑死亡女性的尊严,损害其亲人的利益。简言之,根本不需要脑死亡的女性作为代孕者。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Making a dead woman pregnant? A critique of the thought experiment of Anna Smajdor.

In a thought-provoking article - or how she herself named it, 'a thought experiment' - the philosopher-medical ethicist Anna Smajdor analyzed in this journal the idea of whole-body gestational donation (WBGD) in brain-dead female patients, as an alternative means of gestation for prospective women who cannot or prefer not to become pregnant themselves. We have serious legal, economical, medical and ethical concerns about this proposal. First, consent for eight months of ICU treatment can never be assumed to be derived from consent for post-mortem organ donation; these two are of an incomparable and entirely different medical and ethical order. Moreover, the brain-dead woman is very likely to be medically unfit for high-tech surrogacy and the brain-dead state poses a high risk for deficient embryo/fetal development. Second, from a scarcity perspective, occupying an ICU bed for eight months appears to be unjust. The costs for eight months of ICU treatment are far too high compared to the costs of surrogacy for a living, selected, and healthy woman. Neither insurance companies nor prospective parents will want to pay these exceptionally high costs for a dead woman if a living surrogate mother can be hired for a considerably lower amount. Third, there is an increased risk for harm of the child to be in WBGD. And finally, WBGD risks violating the brain-dead woman's dignity and harming the interests of her loved ones. In short, there is simply no need for brain-dead women as surrogates.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
14.30%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: AIMS & SCOPE Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics examines clinical judgment and reasoning, medical concepts such as health and disease, the philosophical basis of medical science, and the philosophical ethics of health care and biomedical research Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics is an international forum for interdisciplinary studies in the ethics of health care and in the philosophy and methodology of medical practice and biomedical research. Coverage in the philosophy of medicine includes the theoretical examination of clinical judgment and decision making; theories of health promotion and preventive care; the problems of medical language and knowledge acquisition; theory formation in medicine; analysis of the structure and dynamics of medical hypotheses and theories; discussion and clarification of basic medical concepts and issues; medical application of advanced methods in the philosophy of science, and the interplay between medicine and other scientific or social institutions. Coverage of ethics includes both clinical and research ethics, with an emphasis on underlying ethical theory rather than institutional or governmental policy analysis. All philosophical methods and orientations receive equal consideration. The journal pays particular attention to developing new methods and tools for analysis and understanding of the conceptual and ethical presuppositions of the medical sciences and health care processes. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics publishes original scholarly articles, occasional special issues on important topics, and book reviews. Related subjects » Applied Ethics & Social Responsibility – Bioethics – Ethics – Epistemology & Philosophy of Science – Medical Ethics – Medicine – Philosophy – Philosophy of Medicine – Surgery
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