植物细胞油脂提取的酶解预处理。

IF 2.3 4区 农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Hanna Vovk, Kwankao Karnpakdee, Roland Ludwig, Tamara Nosenko
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引用次数: 1

摘要

油籽中的油可以通过机械萃取(压榨)、水萃取或有机溶剂萃取来提取。虽然溶剂萃取是最有效的方法,但有机溶剂对工人的生命和健康以及环境都有潜在危害,因为溶剂蒸气被释放出来并成为具有高臭氧形成潜力的空气污染物。压榨是更安全,环保的,它保留了宝贵的天然成分在所得的油。与压榨相关的问题是高能耗和较低的油提取率,因为施加的机械力并没有完全破坏储存油的结构单元组件。在种子细胞中,油以脂质体(油小体)的形式存在,脂小体被磷脂单层包围,表面有一层蛋白质。这些脂质体受到种子细胞壁的进一步保护,细胞壁主要由果胶、半纤维素和纤维素等多糖组成,但也由糖蛋白组成。利用水解酶降解这些屏障是一种很有前途的预处理策略,可以支持机械提取和提高油收率。考虑到油籽细胞的多室多组分结构,宜选用不同活性的酶组合使用。本文综述了油籽细胞的微观结构和组成,综述了能够破坏含油细胞区室的酶,并总结了酶处理过程的主要参数,如酶混合物的组成、酶和水的用量、温度、pH值和处理时间。最后,以油籽为主要原料,分析了蛋白水解、纤维素水解和果胶酶预处理对提高各类蔬菜原料机械提油收率的效果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Enzymatic Pretreatment of Plant Cells for Oil Extraction.

Enzymatic Pretreatment of Plant Cells for Oil Extraction.

Enzymatic Pretreatment of Plant Cells for Oil Extraction.

Enzymatic Pretreatment of Plant Cells for Oil Extraction.

Oil from oilseeds can be extracted by mechanical extraction (pressing), aqueous extraction, or by extraction with organic solvents. Although solvent extraction is the most efficient method, organic solvents are a potential hazard to the life and health for workers as well as to the environment, when solvent vapours are released and act as air pollutant with a high ozone-forming potential. Pressing is safer, environmentally friendly, and it preserves valuable natural components in the resulting oils. The problems associated with pressing are the high energy consumption and the lower yield of oil extraction, because the applied mechanical force does not completely destroy the structural cell components storing the oil. In seed cells, the oil is contained in the form of lipid bodies (oleosomes) that are surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer with a protein layer on the surface. These lipid bodies are further protected by the seed cell walls consisting mainly of polysaccharides such as pectins, hemicelluloses and cellulose, but also of glycoproteins. The use of hydrolases to degrade these barriers is a promising pretreatment strategy to support mechanical extraction and improve the oil yield. It is advisable to use a combination of enzymes with different activities when considering the multicompartment and multicomponent structure of oilseed cells. This article gives an overview of the microstructure and composition of oilseed cells, reviews enzymes capable of destroying oil containing cell compartments, and summarizes the main parameters of enzymatic treatment procedures, such as the composition of the enzyme cocktail, the amount of enzyme and water used, temperature, pH, and the duration of the treatment. Finally, it analyzes the efficiency of proteolytic, cellulolytic and pectolytic enzyme pretreatment to increase the yield of mechanically extracted oil from various types of vegetable raw materials with the main focus on oilseeds.

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来源期刊
Food Technology and Biotechnology
Food Technology and Biotechnology 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Food Technology and Biotechnology (FTB) is a diamond open access, peer-reviewed international quarterly scientific journal that publishes papers covering a wide range of topics, including molecular biology, genetic engineering, biochemistry, microbiology, biochemical engineering and biotechnological processing, food science, analysis of food ingredients and final products, food processing and technology, oenology and waste treatment. The Journal is published by the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Croatia. It is an official journal of Croatian Society of Biotechnology and Slovenian Microbiological Society, financed by the Croatian Ministry of Science and Education, and supported by the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
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