道德神经科学对脑部疾病的影响:回顾与更新。

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Mario F Mendez
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在过去的20年里,关于道德的神经科学研究出现了爆炸式增长,这对脑部疾病有着重要的影响。许多研究提出了一种基于直觉情感或情感的神经道德,旨在维持合作的社会群体。这些道德情感是规范性的、义务论的、基于行动的,具有对意向性的快速评估。神经道德回路与社会情绪认知的基本机制相互作用,包括社会知觉、行为控制、心理理论和社会情绪(如共情)。道德越轨可能是由道德直觉的初级障碍引起的,也可能是由这些其他社会情感认知机制的障碍引起的继发性道德障碍。道德直觉的神经道德系统以腹内侧前额叶皮层为主要中枢,并涉及其他额叶区域、前岛叶、颞叶前部结构、右侧颞顶交界处和邻近的颞后上沟。影响这些区域的脑部疾病,如行为变异额颞叶痴呆,可能导致包括犯罪行为在内的道德行为的原发性紊乱。在右侧颞叶和内侧额叶区域有局灶性脑肿瘤和其他病变的个体违反了道德。这些违法行为可能对个人产生社会和法律后果,需要提高对这些患有脑部疾病的人的神经道德障碍的认识。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Implications of Moral Neuroscience for Brain Disease: Review and Update.

The last 2 decades have seen an explosion of neuroscience research on morality, with significant implications for brain disease. Many studies have proposed a neuromorality based on intuitive sentiments or emotions aimed at maintaining collaborative social groups. These moral emotions are normative, deontological, and action based, with a rapid evaluation of intentionality. The neuromoral circuitry interacts with the basic mechanisms of socioemotional cognition, including social perception, behavioral control, theory of mind, and social emotions such as empathy. Moral transgressions may result from primary disorders of moral intuitions, or they may be secondary moral impairments from disturbances in these other socioemotional cognitive mechanisms. The proposed neuromoral system for moral intuitions has its major hub in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and engages other frontal regions as well as the anterior insulae, anterior temporal lobe structures, and right temporoparietal junction and adjacent posterior superior temporal sulcus. Brain diseases that affect these regions, such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, may result in primary disturbances of moral behavior, including criminal behavior. Individuals with focal brain tumors and other lesions in the right temporal and medial frontal regions have committed moral violations. These transgressions can have social and legal consequences for the individuals and require increased awareness of neuromoral disturbances among such individuals with brain diseases.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
7.10%
发文量
68
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology (CBN) is a forum for advances in the neurologic understanding and possible treatment of human disorders that affect thinking, learning, memory, communication, and behavior. As an incubator for innovations in these fields, CBN helps transform theory into practice. The journal serves clinical research, patient care, education, and professional advancement. The journal welcomes contributions from neurology, cognitive neuroscience, neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry, and other relevant fields. The editors particularly encourage review articles (including reviews of clinical practice), experimental and observational case reports, instructional articles for interested students and professionals in other fields, and innovative articles that do not fit neatly into any category. Also welcome are therapeutic trials and other experimental and observational studies, brief reports, first-person accounts of neurologic experiences, position papers, hypotheses, opinion papers, commentaries, historical perspectives, and book reviews.
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