{"title":"一维环流模型集总边界条件自动估计的矢量拟合方法。","authors":"Elisa Fevola, Tommaso Bradde, Piero Triverio, Stefano Grivet-Talocia","doi":"10.1007/s13239-023-00669-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The choice of appropriate boundary conditions is a crucial step in the development of cardiovascular models for blood flow simulations. The three-element Windkessel model is usually employed as a lumped boundary condition, providing a reduced order representation of the peripheral circulation. However, the systematic estimation of the Windkessel parameters remains an open problem. Moreover, the Windkessel model is not always adequate to model blood flow dynamics, which often require more elaborate boundary conditions. In this study, we propose a method for the estimation of the parameters of high order boundary conditions, including the Windkessel model, from pressure and flow rate waveforms at the truncation point. Moreover, we investigate the effect of adopting higher order boundary conditions, corresponding to equivalent circuits with more than one storage element, on the accuracy of the model.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The proposed technique is based on Time-Domain Vector Fitting, a modeling algorithm that, given samples of the input and output of a system, such as pressure and flow waveforms, can derive a differential equation approximating their relation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The capabilities of the proposed method are tested on a 1D circulation model consisting of the 55 largest human systemic arteries, to demonstrate its accuracy and its usefulness to estimate boundary conditions with order higher than the traditional Windkessel models. The proposed method is compared to other common estimation techniques, and its robustness in parameter estimation is verified in presence of noisy data and of physiological changes of aortic flow rate induced by mental stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest that the proposed method is able to accurately estimate boundary conditions of arbitrary order. Higher order boundary conditions can improve the accuracy of cardiovascular simulations, and Time-Domain Vector Fitting can automatically estimate them.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":"14 4","pages":"505-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10465662/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A Vector Fitting Approach for the Automated Estimation of Lumped Boundary Conditions of 1D Circulation Models.\",\"authors\":\"Elisa Fevola, Tommaso Bradde, Piero Triverio, Stefano Grivet-Talocia\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s13239-023-00669-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The choice of appropriate boundary conditions is a crucial step in the development of cardiovascular models for blood flow simulations. The three-element Windkessel model is usually employed as a lumped boundary condition, providing a reduced order representation of the peripheral circulation. However, the systematic estimation of the Windkessel parameters remains an open problem. Moreover, the Windkessel model is not always adequate to model blood flow dynamics, which often require more elaborate boundary conditions. In this study, we propose a method for the estimation of the parameters of high order boundary conditions, including the Windkessel model, from pressure and flow rate waveforms at the truncation point. Moreover, we investigate the effect of adopting higher order boundary conditions, corresponding to equivalent circuits with more than one storage element, on the accuracy of the model.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The proposed technique is based on Time-Domain Vector Fitting, a modeling algorithm that, given samples of the input and output of a system, such as pressure and flow waveforms, can derive a differential equation approximating their relation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The capabilities of the proposed method are tested on a 1D circulation model consisting of the 55 largest human systemic arteries, to demonstrate its accuracy and its usefulness to estimate boundary conditions with order higher than the traditional Windkessel models. The proposed method is compared to other common estimation techniques, and its robustness in parameter estimation is verified in presence of noisy data and of physiological changes of aortic flow rate induced by mental stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest that the proposed method is able to accurately estimate boundary conditions of arbitrary order. Higher order boundary conditions can improve the accuracy of cardiovascular simulations, and Time-Domain Vector Fitting can automatically estimate them.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54322,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology\",\"volume\":\"14 4\",\"pages\":\"505-525\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-08-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10465662/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-023-00669-z\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-023-00669-z","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
A Vector Fitting Approach for the Automated Estimation of Lumped Boundary Conditions of 1D Circulation Models.
Purpose: The choice of appropriate boundary conditions is a crucial step in the development of cardiovascular models for blood flow simulations. The three-element Windkessel model is usually employed as a lumped boundary condition, providing a reduced order representation of the peripheral circulation. However, the systematic estimation of the Windkessel parameters remains an open problem. Moreover, the Windkessel model is not always adequate to model blood flow dynamics, which often require more elaborate boundary conditions. In this study, we propose a method for the estimation of the parameters of high order boundary conditions, including the Windkessel model, from pressure and flow rate waveforms at the truncation point. Moreover, we investigate the effect of adopting higher order boundary conditions, corresponding to equivalent circuits with more than one storage element, on the accuracy of the model.
Method: The proposed technique is based on Time-Domain Vector Fitting, a modeling algorithm that, given samples of the input and output of a system, such as pressure and flow waveforms, can derive a differential equation approximating their relation.
Results: The capabilities of the proposed method are tested on a 1D circulation model consisting of the 55 largest human systemic arteries, to demonstrate its accuracy and its usefulness to estimate boundary conditions with order higher than the traditional Windkessel models. The proposed method is compared to other common estimation techniques, and its robustness in parameter estimation is verified in presence of noisy data and of physiological changes of aortic flow rate induced by mental stress.
Conclusion: Results suggest that the proposed method is able to accurately estimate boundary conditions of arbitrary order. Higher order boundary conditions can improve the accuracy of cardiovascular simulations, and Time-Domain Vector Fitting can automatically estimate them.
期刊介绍：
Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology is a journal publishing the spectrum of basic to translational research in all aspects of cardiovascular physiology and medical treatment. It is the forum for academic and industrial investigators to disseminate research that utilizes engineering principles and methods to advance fundamental knowledge and technological solutions related to the cardiovascular system. Manuscripts spanning from subcellular to systems level topics are invited, including but not limited to implantable medical devices, hemodynamics and tissue biomechanics, functional imaging, surgical devices, electrophysiology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, diagnostic instruments, transport and delivery of biologics, and sensors. In addition to manuscripts describing the original publication of research, manuscripts reviewing developments in these topics or their state-of-art are also invited.
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