牲畜中的克希菌病:流行病学、公共卫生意义和埃塞俄比亚伯纳蒂克希菌感染的流行。

IF 1.7 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Dereje Tulu Robi, Wondimagegn Demissie, Shiferaw Temteme
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引用次数: 0

摘要

柯埃氏菌病是一种全球流行的人畜共患疾病,可构成重大挑战,特别是在埃塞俄比亚等欠发达国家。伯氏Coxiella burnetii是导致人类Q热感染和反刍动物coxiellosis的罪魁祸首。肺炎和心内膜炎分别是急性和慢性Q热的唯一特征。反刍动物在妊娠后期表现出流产、生育能力受损、围产期死亡、早产和出生体重降低等症状。伯纳蒂菌感染通常通过蜱叮咬和接触受感染的牛或其身体分泌物在健康牛中传播。人类感染的主要来源是通过摄入受污染的牛奶和奶制品,但通过牲畜操作过程中产生的气溶胶和粉尘传播也很常见。牛、绵羊、骆驼和山羊是人类感染的主要来源,这种细菌可以在受感染动物的各种体液中发现。包括宿主特征、环境条件和管理做法在内的几个因素可能影响牛、骆驼、绵羊和山羊等牲畜中伯纳蒂菌感染的发生。柯埃氏菌病在埃塞俄比亚的牧牛和混合牛管理系统中普遍存在,因为个人经常与牛相互作用,因此更容易接触伯氏梭菌。疫苗接种和生物安全措施是管理伯纳蒂胞杆菌感染的有效技术。因此,实施适当的缓解策略,提高对伯纳蒂菌感染传播的认识,并在高危人群中进一步开展伯纳蒂菌感染研究至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Coxiellosis in Livestock: Epidemiology, Public Health Significance, and Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Ethiopia.

Coxiellosis is a zoonotic disease that is prevalent globally and can pose significant challenges, especially in less developed countries like Ethiopia. Coxiella burnetii is responsible for causing an infection called Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in ruminants. Pneumonia and endocarditis are the only signs that characterize the acute and chronic forms of Q fever, respectively. Ruminants exhibit symptoms such as abortion during the later stages of pregnancy, impaired fertility, perinatal death, premature delivery, and reduced birth weight. C. burnetii infection typically spreads among healthy cattle via tick bites and exposure to infected cattle or their bodily secretions. The primary source of human infection is through the ingestion of contaminated milk and milk products, but transmission through aerosols and dust generated during livestock operations is also common. Cattle, sheep, camels and goats are the primary sources of human infection, and the bacterium can be found in various bodily fluids of infected animals. Several factors, including host characteristics, environmental conditions, and management practices, can potentially affect the occurrence of C. burnetii infection in livestock, such as cattle, camels, sheep, and goats. Coxiellosis is prevalent in Ethiopia's pastoral and mixed cattle management systems, as individuals frequently interact with cattle and are therefore more prone to exposure to the C. burnetii bacterium. Vaccination and biosecurity measures are effective techniques for managing C. burnetii infection. Therefore, it is crucial to implement appropriate mitigation strategies, raise awareness about the spread of C. burnetii infection, and conduct further studies on C. burnetii infection in high-risk groups.

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