医学上对装病士兵的恐惧:“虚伪的密友”和20世纪60年代澳大利亚的Repat。

IF 0.9 2区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
Effie Karageorgos
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自从澳大利亚首次在南非开展全国性军事活动以来,对装病的士兵或退伍军人的恐惧就一直存在。1917年遣返部成立后,医疗、军事和政治领域在某种程度上共同努力,支助数十万伤病员从服兵役归来。在接下来的几十年里,医学界偶尔批评遣返部据称对领取军事养恤金的士兵,特别是那些与战争有关的精神疾病不太明显的士兵态度松懈。1963年,当一群澳大利亚医生在《澳大利亚医学杂志》的通信页上画出战线,指责遣返部策划了一场"国家丑闻",并引起遣返部部长和战争养恤金评估上诉法庭主席的回应时,这种情况达到了高潮。尽管这一争议及其后果确实允许对遣返部的内部运作进行更深入的调查,但医生们自己关于“虚假的密友”、“游手”和“不负责任的人”的说法也揭示了对装病士兵,特别是受创伤的装病士兵的医疗恐惧是如何持续到20世纪60年代初及以后的。本文将分析20世纪60年代创伤士兵的医学概念化与装病的历史概念,精神病学日益脆弱的地位,以及社会医学的“生病角色”,并将探讨与澳大利亚当前士兵和退伍军人自杀危机的可能联系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Medical fears of the malingering soldier: 'phony cronies' and the Repat in 1960s Australia.

The fear of the malingering soldier or veteran has existed in Australia since its first nationwide military venture in South Africa. The establishment of the Repatriation Department in 1917 saw the medical, military and political fields work collectively, to some extent, to support hundreds of thousands of men who returned from their military service wounded or ill. Over the next decades the medical profession occasionally criticised the Repatriation Department's alleged laxness towards soldier recipients of military pensions, particularly those with less visible war-related psychiatric conditions. In 1963 this reached a crescendo when a group of Australian doctors drew battle lines in the correspondence pages of the Medical Journal of Australia, accusing the Repatriation Department of directing a 'national scandal', and provoking responses by both the Minister for Repatriation and the Chairman of the War Pensions Assessment Appeal Tribunal. Although this controversy and its aftermath does allow for closer investigation of the inner workings of the Repatriation Department, the words of the doctors themselves about 'phony cronies', 'deadbeats' and 'drongoes' also reveal how the medical fear of the malingering soldier, and particularly the traumatised soldier-malingerer, lingered into the early 1960s and beyond. This paper will analyse the medical conceptualisation of the traumatised soldier in the 1960s in relation to historical conceptions of malingering, the increasingly tenuous position of psychiatry, as well as the socio-medical 'sick role', and will explore possible links with the current soldier and veteran suicide crisis in Australia.

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来源期刊
Medical History
Medical History 医学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Medical History is a refereed journal devoted to all aspects of the history of medicine and health, with the goal of broadening and deepening the understanding of the field, in the widest sense, by historical studies of the highest quality. It is also the journal of the European Association for the History of Medicine and Health. The membership of the Editorial Board, which includes senior members of the EAHMH, reflects the commitment to the finest international standards in refereeing of submitted papers and the reviewing of books. The journal publishes in English, but welcomes submissions from scholars for whom English is not a first language; language and copy-editing assistance will be provided wherever possible.
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