A rare presentation of medullary thyroid cancer metastasis to the prostate in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B syndrome treated with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Abstract

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are rare and potentially malignant hereditary entities. Clinical manifestations of MEN 2B include medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, gastrointestinal ganglioneuromatosis, and musculoskeletal and ophthalmologic lesions. Metastases to the prostate from the cancers of other organs are extremely rare. There are only a few cases of metastases to the prostate gland, originating from medullary thyroid cancer, found in literature, especially associated with MEN 2B syndrome. In this case report, we present the extremely rare case of a 28-year-old patient, diagnosed with MEN 2B syndrome, with medullary thyroid cancer metastasis to the prostate. Although a few reports of medullary thyroid cancer metastasis into the prostate gland can be found in the literature, to our knowledge, this is the first case of a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy procedure performed as a metastasectomy to treat the prostatic metastasis. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, performed as a metastasectomy, for the treatment of metastatic cancer, is an extremely rare surgical indication with distinctive requirements and difficulties. The extraperitoneal access enables the realization of the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy procedure even in the cases of patients with a history of multiple intra-abdominal operations.