Mechanical Properties of the Developing Brain are Associated with Language Input and Vocabulary Outcome.

IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY
Julie M Schneider, Grace McIlvain, Curtis L Johnson
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The quality of language that children hear in their environment is associated with the development of language-related brain regions, in turn promoting vocabulary knowledge. Although informative, it remains unknown how these environmental influences alter the structure of neural tissue and subsequent vocabulary outcomes. The current study uses magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to examine how children's language environments underlie brain tissue mechanical properties, characterized as brain tissue stiffness and damping ratio, and promote vocabulary knowledge. Twenty-five children, ages 5-7, had their audio and video recorded while engaging in a play session with their parents. Children also completed the Picture Vocabulary Task (from NIH Toolbox) and participated in an MRI, where MRE and anatomical images were acquired. Higher quality input was associated with greater stiffness in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus, whereas greater vocabulary knowledge was associated with lower damping ratio in the right inferior frontal gyrus. These findings suggest changes in neural tissue composition are sensitive to malleable aspects of the environment, whereas tissue organization is more strongly associated with vocabulary outcome. Notably, these associations were independent of maternal education, suggesting more proximal measures of a child's environment may be the source of differences in neural tissue structure underlying variability in vocabulary outcomes.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

发育中的大脑的机械特性与语言输入和词汇输出有关。
儿童在环境中听到的语言质量与大脑语言相关区域的发展有关,从而促进词汇知识的发展。虽然提供了信息,但这些环境影响如何改变神经组织结构和随后的词汇结果仍然未知。本研究利用磁共振弹性成像(MRE)来研究儿童的语言环境如何影响脑组织力学特性,即脑组织刚度和阻尼比,并促进词汇知识的发展。25名5至7岁的儿童在与父母一起玩耍时录制了他们的音频和视频。儿童还完成了图片词汇任务(来自NIH工具箱),并参与了MRI,其中获得了MRE和解剖图像。高质量的输入与双侧额下回和右侧颞上回的刚度增加有关,而词汇知识的增加与右侧额下回的阻尼比降低有关。这些发现表明,神经组织组成的变化对环境的可塑方面很敏感,而组织组织与词汇结果的关系更密切。值得注意的是,这些关联与母亲教育无关,这表明对儿童环境的更近距离测量可能是词汇结果差异背后神经组织结构差异的来源。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
17
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Devoted to exploring relationships between brain and behavior across the life span, Developmental Neuropsychology publishes scholarly papers on the appearance and development of behavioral functions, such as language, perception, and social, motivational and cognitive processes as they relate to brain functions and structures. Appropriate subjects include studies of changes in cognitive function—brain structure relationships across a time period, early cognitive behaviors in normal and brain-damaged children, plasticity and recovery of function after early brain damage, the development of complex cognitive and motor skills, and specific and nonspecific disturbances, such as learning disabilities, mental retardation, schizophrenia, stuttering, and developmental aphasia. In the gerontologic areas, relevant subjects include neuropsychological analyses of normal age-related changes in brain and behavioral functions, such as sensory, motor, cognitive, and adaptive abilities; studies of age-related diseases of the nervous system; and recovery of function in later life. Empirical studies, research reviews, case reports, critical commentaries, and book reviews are featured in each issue. By publishing both basic and clinical studies of the developing and aging brain, the journal encourages additional scholarly work that advances understanding of the field of lifespan developmental neuropsychology.
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