Prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with chronic blepharitis

Abstract

Blepharitis is a very common disease in ophthalmology, dermatology and allergy practice. It generally follows a chronic course and is frequently associated with objective and/or subjective symptoms such as epiphora, red eye, dandruff, gritty sensation, itching, burning, photophobia, and blurred vision. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the period between 2016 and 2020. All patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis who underwent a parasitological test of eyelashes (Rapitest) in the Dermatology Department of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires were included. Those with previously established blepharitis due to another infectious cause were excluded. We analyzed 972 patients. Sixty percent (n = 585) underwent a positive Rapitest for the presence of Demodex spp. Seventy five percent (n = 728) were women. There were no significant differences in the prevalence associated with sex (p = 0.38). Among the patients positive for Demodex spp., 65% (n = 628) were older than 60 years old. The most frequently associated symptom was itching, present in 35% (n = 342). A statistically significant decrease in the number of consultations was observed during the cold months of the year (May–June–July–August). Our results show a high prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with chronic blepharitis. As its presence reveals a direct association with age, we recommend looking for this parasite in this age group.