Surveillance for Violent Deaths - National Violent Death Reporting System, 48 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2020.

IF 37.3 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Grace S Liu, Brenda L Nguyen, Bridget H Lyons, Kameron J Sheats, Rebecca F Wilson, Carter J Betz, Katherine A Fowler
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The term \"legal intervention\" is a classification incorporated into the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and does not denote the lawfulness or legality of the circumstances surrounding a death caused by law enforcement.Demographic patterns and circumstances varied by manner of death. The suicide rate was higher for males than for females. Across all age groups, the suicide rate was highest among adults aged ≥85 years. In addition, non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons had the highest suicide rates among all racial and ethnic groups. Among both males and females, the most common method of injury for suicide was a firearm. Among all suicide victims, when circumstances were known, suicide was most often preceded by a mental health, intimate partner, or physical health problem or by a recent or impending crisis during the previous or upcoming 2 weeks. The homicide rate was higher for males than for females. Among all homicide victims, the homicide rate was highest among persons aged 20-24 years compared with other age groups. Non-Hispanic Black (Black) males experienced the highest homicide rate of any racial or ethnic group. Among all homicide victims, the most common method of injury was a firearm. When the relationship between a homicide victim and a suspect was known, the suspect was most frequently an acquaintance or friend for male victims and a current or former intimate partner for female victims. Homicide most often was precipitated by an argument or conflict, occurred in conjunction with another crime, or, for female victims, was related to intimate partner violence. Nearly all victims of legal intervention deaths were male, and the legal intervention death rate was highest among men aged 35-44 years. The legal intervention death rate was highest among AI/AN males, followed by Black males. A firearm was used in the majority of legal intervention deaths. 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Poisoning was the most common method of injury in deaths of undetermined intent, and opioids were detected in nearly 80% of decedents tested for those substances.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This report provides a detailed summary of data from NVDRS on violent deaths that occurred in 2020. The suicide rate was highest among AI/AN and White males, whereas the homicide rate was highest among Black male victims. Intimate partner violence precipitated a large proportion of homicides for females. Mental health problems, intimate partner problems, interpersonal conflicts, and acute life stressors were primary circumstances for multiple types of violent death.</p><p><strong>Public health action: </strong>Violence is preventable, and states and communities can use data to guide public health action. 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Similarly, states participating in NVDRS have used their VDRS data to examine homicide in their state. Illinois VDRS, for example, found that state budget cuts were associated with notable increases in homicides among youths in Chicago. 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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Problem/condition: In 2020, approximately 71,000 persons died of violence-related injuries in the United States. This report summarizes data from CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) on violent deaths that occurred in 48 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2020. Results are reported by sex, age group, race and ethnicity, method of injury, type of location where the injury occurred, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics.

Period covered: 2020.

Description of system: NVDRS collects data regarding violent deaths obtained from death certificates, coroner and medical examiner records, and law enforcement reports. This report includes data collected for violent deaths that occurred in 2020. Data were collected from 48 states (all states with exception of Florida and Hawaii), the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Forty-six states had statewide data, two additional states had data from counties representing a subset of their population (35 California counties, representing 71% of its population, and four Texas counties, representing 39% of its population), and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico had jurisdiction-wide data. NVDRS collates information for each violent death and links deaths that are related (e.g., multiple homicides, homicide followed by suicide, or multiple suicides) into a single incident.

Results: For 2020, NVDRS collected information on 64,388 fatal incidents involving 66,017 deaths that occurred in 48 states (46 states collecting statewide data, 35 California counties, and four Texas counties), and the District of Columbia. In addition, information was collected for 729 fatal incidents involving 790 deaths in Puerto Rico. Data for Puerto Rico were analyzed separately. Of the 66,017 deaths, the majority (58.4%) were suicides, followed by homicides (31.3%), deaths of undetermined intent (8.2%), legal intervention deaths (1.3%) (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force acting in the line of duty, excluding legal executions), and unintentional firearm deaths (<1.0%). The term "legal intervention" is a classification incorporated into the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and does not denote the lawfulness or legality of the circumstances surrounding a death caused by law enforcement.Demographic patterns and circumstances varied by manner of death. The suicide rate was higher for males than for females. Across all age groups, the suicide rate was highest among adults aged ≥85 years. In addition, non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons had the highest suicide rates among all racial and ethnic groups. Among both males and females, the most common method of injury for suicide was a firearm. Among all suicide victims, when circumstances were known, suicide was most often preceded by a mental health, intimate partner, or physical health problem or by a recent or impending crisis during the previous or upcoming 2 weeks. The homicide rate was higher for males than for females. Among all homicide victims, the homicide rate was highest among persons aged 20-24 years compared with other age groups. Non-Hispanic Black (Black) males experienced the highest homicide rate of any racial or ethnic group. Among all homicide victims, the most common method of injury was a firearm. When the relationship between a homicide victim and a suspect was known, the suspect was most frequently an acquaintance or friend for male victims and a current or former intimate partner for female victims. Homicide most often was precipitated by an argument or conflict, occurred in conjunction with another crime, or, for female victims, was related to intimate partner violence. Nearly all victims of legal intervention deaths were male, and the legal intervention death rate was highest among men aged 35-44 years. The legal intervention death rate was highest among AI/AN males, followed by Black males. A firearm was used in the majority of legal intervention deaths. When a specific type of crime was known to have precipitated a legal intervention death, the type of crime was most frequently assault or homicide. When circumstances were known, the three most frequent circumstances reported for legal intervention deaths were as follows: the victim's death was precipitated by another crime, the victim used a weapon in the incident, and the victim had a substance use problem (other than alcohol use).Other causes of death included unintentional firearm deaths and deaths of undetermined intent. Unintentional firearm deaths were most frequently experienced by males, non-Hispanic White (White) persons, and persons aged 15-24 years. These deaths most frequently occurred while the shooter was playing with a firearm and were precipitated by a person unintentionally pulling the trigger. The rate of deaths of undetermined intent was highest among males, particularly among AI/AN and Black males, and among adults aged 30-54 years. Poisoning was the most common method of injury in deaths of undetermined intent, and opioids were detected in nearly 80% of decedents tested for those substances.

Interpretation: This report provides a detailed summary of data from NVDRS on violent deaths that occurred in 2020. The suicide rate was highest among AI/AN and White males, whereas the homicide rate was highest among Black male victims. Intimate partner violence precipitated a large proportion of homicides for females. Mental health problems, intimate partner problems, interpersonal conflicts, and acute life stressors were primary circumstances for multiple types of violent death.

Public health action: Violence is preventable, and states and communities can use data to guide public health action. NVDRS data are used to monitor the occurrence of violence-related fatal injuries and assist public health authorities in developing, implementing, and evaluating programs, policies, and practices to reduce and prevent violent deaths. For example, the Colorado Violent Death Reporting System (VDRS), Kentucky VDRS, and Oregon VDRS have used their VDRS data to guide suicide prevention efforts and generate reports highlighting where additional focus is needed. In Colorado, VDRS data were used to examine the increased risk for suicide among first and last responders in the state. Kentucky VDRS used local data to highlight how psychological and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic might increase risk for suicide, particularly among vulnerable populations. Oregon VDRS used their data to develop a publicly available data dashboard displaying firearm mortality trends and rates in support of the state's firearm safety campaign. Similarly, states participating in NVDRS have used their VDRS data to examine homicide in their state. Illinois VDRS, for example, found that state budget cuts were associated with notable increases in homicides among youths in Chicago. With an increase of participating states and jurisdictions, this report marks progress toward providing nationally representative data.

Abstract Image

暴力死亡监测-全国暴力死亡报告系统,48个州,哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各,2020年。
问题/状况:2020年,美国约有7.1万人死于与暴力有关的伤害。本报告总结了疾病预防控制中心国家暴力死亡报告系统(NVDRS)关于2020年发生在48个州、哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各的暴力死亡的数据。结果按性别、年龄组、种族和民族、受伤方法、受伤发生的位置类型、受伤情况和其他选定的特征报告。涵盖时间:2020年。系统描述:NVDRS从死亡证明、验尸官和法医记录以及执法报告中收集有关暴力死亡的数据。本报告包括收集的2020年发生的暴力死亡数据。数据收集自48个州(除佛罗里达和夏威夷外的所有州)、哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各。46个州有全州范围的数据,另外两个州有代表其人口子集的县的数据(加利福尼亚州35个县,占其人口的71%,德克萨斯州4个县,占其人口的39%),哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各有管辖范围的数据。NVDRS对每一起暴力死亡事件的信息进行整理,并将相关的死亡事件(例如,多次杀人、杀人后自杀或多次自杀)联系到一起。结果:2020年,NVDRS收集了发生在48个州(46个州收集全州数据,35个加州县和4个德克萨斯州县)和哥伦比亚特区的64,388起致命事件的信息,涉及66,017例死亡。此外,还收集了波多黎各729起致命事件的资料,涉及790人死亡。波多黎各的数据被单独分析。在66,017例死亡中,大多数(58.4%)是自杀,其次是他杀(31.3%)、意图不明的死亡(8.2%)、法律干预死亡(1.3%)(即由执法人员和其他依法有权使用致命武力执行任务的人造成的死亡,不包括合法处决)和非故意枪支死亡(解释:本报告提供了NVDRS关于2020年发生的暴力死亡的详细数据摘要。自杀率在黑人和白人男性中最高,而凶杀率在黑人男性受害者中最高。亲密伴侣暴力导致很大比例的女性被杀。精神健康问题、亲密伴侣问题、人际冲突和急性生活压力是多种类型暴力死亡的主要情况。公共卫生行动:暴力是可以预防的,国家和社区可以利用数据指导公共卫生行动。NVDRS数据用于监测与暴力有关的致命伤害的发生,并协助公共卫生当局制定、实施和评估减少和预防暴力死亡的方案、政策和做法。例如,科罗拉多州暴力死亡报告系统(VDRS)、肯塔基州VDRS和俄勒冈州VDRS已经使用他们的VDRS数据来指导自杀预防工作,并生成报告,强调需要额外关注的地方。在科罗拉多州,VDRS数据被用于检查该州第一和最后响应者自杀风险的增加。肯塔基州VDRS使用当地数据来强调COVID-19大流行的心理和社会影响如何增加自杀风险,特别是在弱势群体中。俄勒冈VDRS利用他们的数据开发了一个公开可用的数据仪表板,显示枪支死亡率的趋势和比率,以支持该州的枪支安全运动。同样,参与NVDRS的州使用他们的VDRS数据来检查他们州的杀人事件。例如,伊利诺斯州的VDRS发现,州预算削减与芝加哥青少年凶杀案显著增加有关。随着参与国家和司法管辖区的增加,本报告标志着在提供具有全国代表性的数据方面取得了进展。
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来源期刊
Mmwr Surveillance Summaries
Mmwr Surveillance Summaries PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
60.50
自引率
1.20%
发文量
9
期刊介绍: The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series, produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is commonly referred to as "the voice of CDC." Serving as the primary outlet for timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and practical public health information and recommendations, the MMWR is a crucial publication. Its readership primarily includes physicians, nurses, public health practitioners, epidemiologists, scientists, researchers, educators, and laboratorians.
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