Patch Testing to Paraphenylenediamine: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience (1994-2018).

IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 DERMATOLOGY
Dermatitis Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-31 DOI:10.1089/derm.2023.0140
Erin M Warshaw, Malina Yamashita Peterson, Amber R Atwater, Joel G DeKoven, Melanie D Pratt, James S Taylor, Donald V Belsito, Jonathan I Silverberg, Margo J Reeder, Vincent A DeLeo, Marie-Claude Houle, Cory A Dunnick, Jiade Yu, Brandon Adler, Christen Mowad, Nina C Botto
{"title":"Patch Testing to Paraphenylenediamine: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience (1994-2018).","authors":"Erin M Warshaw, Malina Yamashita Peterson, Amber R Atwater, Joel G DeKoven, Melanie D Pratt, James S Taylor, Donald V Belsito, Jonathan I Silverberg, Margo J Reeder, Vincent A DeLeo, Marie-Claude Houle, Cory A Dunnick, Jiade Yu, Brandon Adler, Christen Mowad, Nina C Botto","doi":"10.1089/derm.2023.0140","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><u><b><i>Background/Objectives:</i></b></u> Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is an aromatic amine dye that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. This study examines the epidemiology of allergic patch test reactions to PPD. <u><b><i>Methods:</i></b></u> This retrospective analysis characterizes individuals tested to PPD (1% petrolatum) by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (1994-2018). Demographics and dermatitis site(s) were compared between PPD-allergic and PPD-negative patients. PPD reactions were analyzed by reaction strength, clinical relevance, occupational relatedness, and source as well as coreactivity with structurally related compounds. <u><b><i>Results:</i></b></u> Of 54,917 patients tested to PPD, 3095 (5.6%) had an allergic patch test reaction. Compared with PPD-negative patients, PPD-allergic patients had significantly greater odds of age >40 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.55 [95% confidence interval; CI 1.43-1.69]) and female gender (OR 1.52 [95% CI 1.41-1.66]), but lower odds of being White (OR 0.66 [95% CI 0.60-0.71]). The most common primary anatomic sites of dermatitis were face (25.5%), hands (21.9%), and scattered/generalized pattern (15.5%). Over half (55.3%) of PPD reactions were ++ or +++ at the final reading and 60.9% were currently relevant. Common exposure sources included hair dye (73.5%) and clothing/shoes/apparel (3.9%). Occupationally related reactions occurred in 8.3%, most commonly in hairdressers/cosmetologists (72.8%). The most common coreactions were benzocaine (11.3%), <i>N</i>-isopropyl-<i>N</i>'-phenyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine (6.7%), disperse dye mix (6.5%), and black rubber mix (5.1%). <u><b><i>Conclusions:</i></b></u> The 24-year percentage of allergic reactions to PPD was 5.6%. PPD allergy was associated with female gender and age >40 years. PPD allergic patients were less likely to be White. Allergic reactions were usually clinically relevant and hair dye was the most frequently identified source.</p>","PeriodicalId":11047,"journal":{"name":"Dermatitis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Dermatitis","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1089/derm.2023.0140","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/7/31 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DERMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is an aromatic amine dye that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. This study examines the epidemiology of allergic patch test reactions to PPD. Methods: This retrospective analysis characterizes individuals tested to PPD (1% petrolatum) by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (1994-2018). Demographics and dermatitis site(s) were compared between PPD-allergic and PPD-negative patients. PPD reactions were analyzed by reaction strength, clinical relevance, occupational relatedness, and source as well as coreactivity with structurally related compounds. Results: Of 54,917 patients tested to PPD, 3095 (5.6%) had an allergic patch test reaction. Compared with PPD-negative patients, PPD-allergic patients had significantly greater odds of age >40 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.55 [95% confidence interval; CI 1.43-1.69]) and female gender (OR 1.52 [95% CI 1.41-1.66]), but lower odds of being White (OR 0.66 [95% CI 0.60-0.71]). The most common primary anatomic sites of dermatitis were face (25.5%), hands (21.9%), and scattered/generalized pattern (15.5%). Over half (55.3%) of PPD reactions were ++ or +++ at the final reading and 60.9% were currently relevant. Common exposure sources included hair dye (73.5%) and clothing/shoes/apparel (3.9%). Occupationally related reactions occurred in 8.3%, most commonly in hairdressers/cosmetologists (72.8%). The most common coreactions were benzocaine (11.3%), N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6.7%), disperse dye mix (6.5%), and black rubber mix (5.1%). Conclusions: The 24-year percentage of allergic reactions to PPD was 5.6%. PPD allergy was associated with female gender and age >40 years. PPD allergic patients were less likely to be White. Allergic reactions were usually clinically relevant and hair dye was the most frequently identified source.

对苯二胺的斑贴试验:北美接触性皮炎组经验(1994-2018)。
背景/目的:对苯二胺(PPD)是一种可能引起过敏性接触性皮炎的芳香胺染料。本研究探讨了过敏性斑贴试验对PPD的流行病学反应。方法:回顾性分析北美接触性皮炎组(1994-2018)检测PPD(1%凡士林)的个体特征。比较ppd过敏患者和ppd阴性患者的人口统计学特征和皮炎部位。通过反应强度、临床相关性、职业相关性、来源以及与结构相关化合物的核心活性分析PPD反应。结果:54,917例PPD患者中,3095例(5.6%)出现过敏斑贴试验反应。与ppd阴性患者相比,ppd过敏患者年龄>40岁的几率显著增加(优势比[OR] 1.55[95%可信区间;女性(OR 1.52 [95% CI 1.41-1.66]),但白人的患病几率较低(OR 0.66 [95% CI 0.60-0.71])。皮炎最常见的原发解剖部位为面部(25.5%)、手部(21.9%)和散在/全身型(15.5%)。超过一半(55.3%)的PPD反应在最终读数为++或+++,60.9%是当前相关的。常见的接触源包括染发剂(73.5%)和服装/鞋子/服装(3.9%)。职业相关反应发生率为8.3%,最常见于发型师/美容师(72.8%)。最常见的共反应是苯佐卡因(11.3%)、n -异丙基- n′-苯基-对苯二胺(6.7%)、分散染料混合物(6.5%)和黑色橡胶混合物(5.1%)。结论:PPD患者24年过敏反应发生率为5.6%。PPD过敏与女性、年龄>40岁相关。PPD过敏的患者不太可能是怀特。过敏反应通常与临床相关,染发剂是最常见的来源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Dermatitis
Dermatitis 医学-皮肤病学
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
11.50%
发文量
251
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Dermatitis is owned by the American Contact Dermatitis Society and is the home journal of 4 other organizations, namely Societa Italiana di Dermatologica Allergologica Professionale e Ambientale, Experimental Contact Dermatitis Research Group, International Contact Dermatitis Research Group, and North American Contact Dermatitis Group. Dermatitis focuses on contact, atopic, occupational, and drug dermatitis, and welcomes manuscript submissions in these fields, with emphasis on reviews, studies, reports, and letters. Annual sections include Contact Allergen of the Year and Contact Allergen Alternatives, for which papers are chosen or invited by the respective section editor. Other sections unique to the journal are Pearls & Zebras, Product Allergen Watch, and news, features, or meeting abstracts from participating organizations.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信